cyW.  Scougale 


Challenge  Shorthand 
Manual 


Pitman-Graphic 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

LOS  ANGELES 


Ix 


E.  U.  r.      ^^ 

LAVV'YEK 


Challenge  Shorthand 

Manual 

■ 

PITMAN-GRAPHIC 


SECOND    EDITION 


COPYRIGHT,  1917 

BY 

MALCOLM    SCOUGALE 

Weatherford,  Texas 


THE    WILLIAM    G.  HEWITT    PRESS 

61-67     NAVY    ST     BROOKLYN.    N     Y. 


.••.•••  •••• 

a  •  »         • 

«•         ••  •      •• 

»     •         *  •  • 


5  43=? 


GENERAL    INSTRUCTIONS. 

1.  Write  on  ruled  paper  with  fine  pointed  pen,  or  with 
pencil  kept  well  sharpened. 

2.  "If  Phonographic  strokes  were  inclined  in  a  uni- 
form direction,  as  in  the  common  longhand,  it  would 
be  better  to  hold  the  pen  or  pencil  in  the  usual  manner." 
— Mat'ual  of  Phonography,  Ben  Pitman,  1871. 

Challenge  Shorthand  follows  so  nearly  the  movement 
of  longhand  that  the  student  and  writer  will  find  the  long- 
hand movement  much  the  best,  and  a  student  best  trained 
in  longhand  will  write  the  best  and  most  rapid  Challenge 
Shorthand.  The  movements  of  a  rapid  longhand  writer 
are  much  more  rapid  than  the  movements  of  the  best 
stenographer  can  possibly  be. 

3.  Write  always  with  care,  endeavoring  to  write 
smooth,  accurate  notes.  Writing  too  slowly,  the  hand  will 
tremble ;  too  rapidly,  the  lines  will  be  imperfect  in  length, 
slant,  shade  and  position.  Find  your  best  movement  and 
accelerate  it  very  gradually,  but  surely. 

4.  Pronounce  each  character-name,  or  word,  as  you 
write  it  in  shorthand. 

5.  Never  indulge  in  the  slow  process  of  copying  short- 
hand characters  or  words  one  by  one,  or  sentence  after 
sentence,  constantly  interrupting  your  work  to  find  the 
next  character,  word,  or  sentence ;  but — 

6.  Practice  writing,  repeatedly,  as  many  characters  or 
words  as  you  can  readily  hold  in  mind. 

7.  Do  not  seek  to  hurry  impatiently  forward.  Confine 
all  hurry  work  to  repeated  and  careful  review. 

MATTERS  FOR  FUTURE  REFERENCE. 

8.  Vowels. — The  familiar  statement  that  "the  vowels 
are  a,  e,  i,  o,  u,  and  sometimes  w  and  y,"  is  not  the  state- 
ment of  a  phonetic  writer,  and  has  no  application  to  pho- 
netic shorthand.  The  word  vowel  is  used  in  speaking  of 
the  vowel  sound,  and  also  of  the  sign  for  the  sound. 

3 


449505 


4  CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

9.  Vowel  sounds  are  indicated  by  dots  and  short  dashes 
(called  ticks),  written  near  consonant  strokes,  and  made 
heavy  or  light  Ao  indicate,  respectively,  long  or  short 
vowels.  The  ticks  slant  to  the  right  and  are  written 
downward. 

10.  Vowel  Names. — A  vowel  should  have  no  other 
name  than  its  true  sound,  without  regard  to  the  Roman 
letter  or  letters  used  to  indicate  it.  A  long  pause  between 
vowel  and  consonant,  in  pronouncing  the  following  words, 
reveals  the  true  sound-value  of  the  vowel  and  of  the 
consonant. 

(a).    First  Position  Vowels:  It  eats  of  all. 
(b).    Second  Position  Vowels:  Ed,  take  up  oats. 
Xc).     Third  Position  Vowels:  Ann  Arp  took  food. 

11.  Consonants. — "Every  mark  stands  for  a  word." 
J^et  the  student  forget  this  erroneous  though  widely  ac- 
cepted statement  about  shorthand.  Each  mark  stands  for 
a  sound  or  sounds.  A  shorthand  b,  d,  f,  v,  or  y,  has  the 
same  sound  usually  given  to  it  in  the  Roman  alphabet. 

12.  Continuant  Consonants. — Of  the  consonants,  /,  sh, 
zh  (the  sound  of  z  in  acure),  f,  v,  th  (as  in  thin),  th 
(as  in  then),  s,  z,  are  continuants;  that  is,  their  sounds 
may  be  continued  indefinitely ;  and  their  signs  are  curved 
lines  or  strokes.  Ch  (t  and  sh),  and  j  (d  and  zh),  ending 
with  continuant  sounds,  also  have  curved  signs.  M,  n,  ng 
(as  in  ring),  and  the  combinations  mp  and  mb,  are  nasal 
continuants  (mp-tnb  being  so  in  part),  and  their  signs  are 
horizontal  curves. 

13.  Explodent  Consonants. — The  explodents  (that  may 
not  be  continued  or  dwelt  upon  in  pronunciation)  are 
p,  b,  t,  d,  k,  g  (as  in  gay) — and  they  are  represented  by 
straight  lines  or  strokes. 

14.  R,  H,  W,  Y. — R  and  h  (represented  by  straight 
lines)  and  w  and  y  (represented  by  curves)  have  no  rule 
here  but  the  rule  of  convenience  and  expediency. 

15.  Consonant  Pairs. — Fourteen  consonant  sounds  are 
in  pairs,  thus:  sh,  zh;  f,  v;  th  (as  in  thin);  th  (as  in 
then)  ;  s,  z;  p,  b;  t,  d;  k,  g  (as  in  gay). 

For  brevity,  and  to  aid  memory,  these  may  be  called 
light  and  heavy  sounds,  in  the  order  in  which  their  letters 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL  5 

are  paired  above,  and  each  pair  is  given  a  sign,  common 
to  both  members  of  the  pair,  and  made  light  or  heavy, 
except  as  to  sh  and  ch,  to  represent  the  light  or  heavy 
sound.  Sh-sh  do  not  need  the  distinction  of  light  and 
heavy  signs. 

16.  ^fe}nory  Helps. — It  is  helpful  to  employ  sentences, 
showing  vowels  consecutively,  in  the  order  in  which  they 
are  presented  in  the  lessons.  At  suitable  times  the  atten- 
tion of  the  student  will  be  recalled  to  paragraphs  8,  9,  10, 
with  reference  to  vowels ;  and  reference  to  paragraphs 
11-15  is  here  recommended,  in  connection  with  the  presen- 
tation of  the  different  classes  of  consonant  signs.  Careful 
attention  to  these  paragraphs  will  greatly  aid  the  memory 
of  the  student. 

The  old  Pitmanic  alphabet  aflfords  a  further  memory 
aid.  in  that  the  directions  of  strokes — left-slant,  vertical, 
right-slant,  and  horizontal — respectively  indicate  sounds 
"modified  by  position,  or  obstructed  in  the  region  of  the 
lips,  teeth,  gums,  hard  palate,  soft  palate."  Challenge 
Shorthand  turns  all  left-slant  strokes  of  Pitman  to  the 
right,  and  thereby  secures  much  greater  facility  of  move- 
ment, at  the  expense  of  a  memory-aid  useful  only  in  the 
first  days  of  study. 

Hay  (h)  and  Yay  (j)  are  the  only  left-slant  strokes 
of  Challenge  Shorthand,  and  brief  signs  for  these  are  so 
used  that  hours,  and  sometimes  days,  of  steady  work  may 
not  require  the  use  of  the  difficult,  scrawl-producing  left- 
slant  strokes,  while  such  strokes  constitute  much  more 
than  25  per  cent  of  the  old  Pitmanic  notes. 


CONSONANTS,   VOWELS,   AND 
DIPHTHONGS. 

17.  Arrangement  of  Pages. — A  paragrapn 
number,  not  immediately  followed  by  a  letter,  in- 
dicates that  no  direct  reference  is  required  to  short- 
hand illustrations  in  connection  with  such  para- 
graph ;  and  a  lettered  number  refers  the  student  to 
shorthand,  indicated  by  the  same  lettered  number. 

18.  Second  Position. — All  strokes,  and  small 
characters  not  written  to  strokes,  rest  on  the  ruled 
line ;  i.  e.,  in  the  second  position.  This  will  be  the 
sole  rule  until  the  other  positions  are  hereinafter 
presented. 

19.  Consonants  are  represented  by  straight  or 
curved  lines,  called  strokes,  made  light  or  shaded. 

20a.  Three  consonant  strokes,  written  upward 
to  the  right  and  unshaded,  represent  /,  r,  sh,  and 
are  named  respectively  El,  Ar,  Ish.  When  standing 
alone  (that  is,  not  joined  with  other  stroke  or 
strokes)  r  is  written  at  an  angle  of  30  degrees  from 
the  ruled  line,  and  a  straight  line,  connecting  the 
points  of  /  or  sh,  should  have  the  same  angle. 

21a.  Second  position  rozvels  are  written  oppo- 
site to  and  near  the  middle  of  strokes.  Written  to 
the  left  of  an  ascending  or  descending  stroke,  they 
are  read  before  it;  written  to  the  right  of  such 
stroke,  they  are  read  after  it.  Review  8,  9,  10,  with 
special  attention  to  10  (b). 

21b.  Ell,  El,  lay,  low,  Lowe,  err,  air,  Urr,  ore,  oar, 
ray,  Ray,  row,  Rowe,  Shay,  show,  oro. 

6 


CHALLENGE  SHORTHAND   MANUAL 


20a.    Three  Consonants,  Upward  to  the 
Right. 

r-  1,  /r,  -^ sL-  named  ^  H,  ^ hi,^  Ish 


21a.    Second  Position  Vowels. 

2,  light  dot,  as  in  /^  cD,  >''  or. 

a,  heavy  dot,  as  in  /'^  ak,  x<  ray,  ,'^  air,  ^,  Shay. 

0,  light  dash,  as  in  /^  Urr. 

0,  heavy  dash,  as  in    '"  low,  ^  ore,  _  /  show. 

21b.    y^   r-    /^  ^  ^        X 
y      ^     ^      X      yi         ...  V 


22a.    Wordsigns:    Vowel-briefs  and  L, 
R,  SH,  Second  Position. 


a,  an,  and 

too,  two,) 

who     ) 


22  Key. 


but 
wiU 


he,  liim,  to 


^  should 
^  shaU 


^,  ^r/  >^.    ^   /^  2-   ^ 


8  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

22a.  Wordsigiis. — When  standing  alone,  the 
vowel-signs  are  called  briefs;  and  so,  also,  are  the 
circles,  half-circles,  atid  loops,  hereinafter  presented. 

A  zuordsign  is  (1)  A  stroke  written  out  of  true 
position;  (2)  A  stroke,  when  less  than  the  full  con- 
sonant indication  of  a  word  or  words;  or  (3)  A 
brief — when  such  stroke  or  brief  is  used  to  indicate 
a  word  or  words.  The  stroke  may  be  with  or  with- 
out briefs  or  hooks  attached. 

Should,  in  the  accompanying  list  of  wordsigns, 
is  to  be  written  upward,  and  all  the  other  ticks  down- 
ward. 

22  Key. — A  paragraph  number  followed  by  the 
word  Key,  in  the  shorthand  pages,  marks  a  para- 
graph containing  sentences.  Typed  matter,  equiva- 
lent to  the  shorthand  Key  paragraphs,  will  be  found 
in  the  Challenge  Shorthand  Dictation  Key. 

The  student  should  read  and  copy  the  Key  short- 
hand without  the  aid  of  the  Dictation  Key,  and  if 
difficulty  in  that  respect  is  experienced,  thorough 
review  should  be  had  before  proceeding  further. 

23a.  Seven  Consonant  Strokes,  written  down- 
ward and  leaning  to  the  right,  represent  w,  ch,  j,  p, 
h,  f,  V,  and  are  named  respectively  Way,  Chay,  Jay, 
Pee,  Bee,  Ef,  Vee.  When  standing  alone  they 
should  be  written  at  an  angle  of  60  degrees  from  the 
ruled  line.    See  paragraphs  11,  12,  13,  15. 

24.  Shading. — Make  light  strokes  very  light 
and  shade  the  heavy  strokes  only  enough  to  dis- 
tinguish them  from  the  light  strokes. 

Straight  strokes  are  shaded  uniformly  through- 
out their  length.     Shaded  curves  are  light  at  the 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 


/ 

■.-^..^..^..f.  .  ./  -  ^.L 


/./■../;. ^. . .  r. .  ,,^. 


/ 


/ 


-/-..'..^/T... 


-f-- 


23a.    Seven  Consonants,  Downward, 
Rigbt-siant. 


f   ch,     /  p,  y  f:  turned    i    Quy,    /  Pee,  J  Ef. 
I    ],  / h,  J  y.  turned    f    Jay,    /Bee,  J  Vee. 
(   w:  turned    '    Way. 


10  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

points  and  shaded  gradually  to  the  middle,  except 
that  in  shading  ;  the  shading  is  continued  full  from 
.  the  middle  to  the  end. 

24b.  Way,  woe,  etch,  edge,  age,  jay,  Joe,  up,  ope,  ape, 
pay,  Poe,  obey,  oaf,  fay,  foe. 

25a.     Wordsigns. 

26.  Light  Strokes,  Right  Slant,  Distinguished. 
— The  upward  strokes,  /,  r,  sh,  are  written  at  an 
angle  of  30  degrees  from  the  ruled  line ;  and  light 
downward  strokes,  w,  p,  f,  at  an  angle  of  60  degrees 
from  the  ruled  line.  This  difference  in  slant  will 
be  made  by  the  hand  involuntarily,  because  the 
hand  is  accustomed  to  such  variation  in  writing 
longhand ;  yet  this  rule  should  be  borne  in  mind  and 
carefully  heeded  in  all  practice  work. 

26b.    L,  w;  r,  p;  sh,  /;  /,  sh;  p,  r;  w,  I. 

27.  Joining  Consonant  Strokes. — The  first 
stroke,  written  upward  or  downward,  should  rest 
on  the  ruled  line ;  then,  without  lifting  the  pen  or 
pencil  from  the  paper,  begin  the  second  stroke  where 
the  first  ends,  the  third  being  continued  from  the 
end  of  the  second,  and  so  on  to  the  end  of  the  out- 
line.   This  is  the  rule  of  the  second  position. 

Note. — Write  all  the  strokes  of  an  outline  and 
then  add  the  vowel  or  vowels.  Also  note  the  rela- 
tive positions  of  long-  and  short-vowel  signs  to 
consonants,  governed  by  Rule  28. 

27b.  Lore,  lull,  loaf,  luff,  love,  ledge.  Job,  Jep,  shoaler, 
lush. 

28.  A  Second  Position  Voivel  Between  Joined 
Strokes. — A  long  vowel  should  be  written  after  and 
near  the  first  stroke,  and  a  short  vowel  should  be 
written  before  and  near  the  second  stroke.    This  is 


CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 


11 


24b.    (^f'  <(■(  r^  ^ ////// y  > > 


25a.    Wordsigns:    Right-slant,  Down- 
ward  Strokes,  Second  Position. 


r    which 


/be 


/for 


)  have 


26b. 
27b. 
28b. 
29b. 


29Key.  f.J^/^.,.yC^J./.^..^., 


12  CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

for   additional   safety   in   reading   long   and    short 
vowels  in  second  position. 

28b.  Loaf,  luflf,  Job,  Jep,  ledge,  lope,  lave,  love,  wave, 
wove. 

29.  Joining  Straight  Strokes  Without  Angle. 
— The  line  is  simply  continued  to  double  length,  for 
two  straight  strokes  of  the  same  direction.  The 
shading  is  gradual  between  heavy  and  light  lines  so 
joined. 

29b.    Roar,  Pope,  Bobo,  babe,  Beppo. 

30.  Positions  of  Strokes. — The  position  of  a 
word  is  first,  second,  or  third,  corresponding  with 
the  position  of  its  vowel — or  its  accented  vowel, 
where  the  word  has  more  than  one  vowel — ^and 
the  first  rising  or  descending  stroke  takes  that 
position. 

All  the  vowels  heretofore  used  have  been  second  place 
vowels,  and  the  words  have  been  in  the  second  position ; 
that  is,  resting  on  the  ruled  line. 

31a.  First  Position  Voivels. — These  are  written 
opposite  and  near  the  beginning  of  a  stroke,  whether 
the  stroke  be  written  upward  or  downward ;  and, 
beyond  this  diflFerence  between  first  and  second  posi- 
tion vowels,  all  that  is  said  of  vowels  in  paragraphs 
8,  9,  10,  21a,  applies  here.    Especially  note  10  (a). 

32.  First  Position  Strokes. — The  lower  end  of 
an  ascending  or  descending  stroke — or  the  first 
ascending  or  descending  stroke,  if  two  or  more 
strokes  are  joined — must  rest  half  the  length  of  a 
stroke  above  the  ruled  line. 

32b.  Eel,  lee,  Lee,  ear,  raw,  pshaw,  she,  ^ach,  jaw, 
paw,  off,  eve,  loll,  jeer,  ball,  pill,  peal,  follow,  folly,  volley, 
veal,  veer. 


CHALLKNGK    SHORTIIAXD    MANUAL 


13 


31a.    First  Position  Vowels. 

I,  light  dot,  as  in    '_ill,  ./rich,..r.if,.h^.wish. 

e,  heavy  dot,  as  in  '  .  eel, _'__ Le«, each,    .'^fee. 

0,  light  dash,  as  in    '    lop,  /^^  fop,    /  job,  ~'^  shop, 
aw,  heavy  dash,  as  in  .  '_  raw,  _ '  ^  law,  rl .  shawl. 


32b.     :  .:^....:...i.zi  r 

C>   f-  /-"^Jr  /-  t-  J-  l^ 


rr  /' :  y 


34a.    Wordsigns:    Vowel-briefs  and 

Right-slant  Strokes,  First  Position. 


.......th« 

already 
why 


or 

of 

awe,  aught, 
.  ought 

ever 

.-_'.. all 

hear,  her, 
here 


35  Key. 


^■^ ^y. 


/-.:../f......-rr..:. 


......^J::-i.:.::..:::...../....^/:,;.r/..^.^„:.. 


'..L.J..:..... 


J 


-/--/.../ 


../ 


14  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

33.  A  First  Position  Vowel,  between  joined 
strokes,  is  written  after  the  first  stroke,  as  in  32b. 

34a.  Wordsigns. — On  is  written  upward ;  all 
the  other  first  position  ticks  downward. 

35.  First  Position  Brief  Wordsigns  are  written 
the  length  of  a  stroke  above  the  ruled  line.  See 
Wordsigns,  34a. 

Circles  and  Loops. 

36.  Strokes  for  s  and  s  will  be  presented  later. 
Brief  devices,  indicating  the  sounds  of  s,  s,  s-s,  s-3, 
st,  str,  may  be  used. 

The  introduction  of  the  circles  and  loops  at  this  stage 
very  greatly  enlarges  the  list  of  words  that  may  be  used 
for  dictation  work. 

The  student  is  here  warned  to  go  no  farther,  in  word 
formation,  than  the  words  presented.  Otherwise,  wrong 
outlines  will  have  to  be  unlearned. 

37.  A  Small  Circle,  denoting  the  sound  of  s  or 
s,  and  named  Iss,  is  joined  to  a  straight  line  by  a 
motion  contrary  to  that  of  the  hands  of  a  clock ;  and 
this  side  of  the  straight  line  is  called  the  circle  side. 
By  context,  distinction  is  readily  made  between 
words  sounding  s  or  2. 

37b.  Sore,  rose,  sear,  race,  rays,  soars,  source,  sorrows, 
series,  sips,  seeps,  pause,  bees,  ebbs,  sobs,  suppose. 

38.  The  Small  Circle  Iss  is  joined  to  a  curve 
by  follov/ing  the  direction  of  the  curve. 

38b.  Sells,  less,  seals,  sways,  ways,  sway,  sage,  sages, 
ages,  face,  safe,  safes,  saves,  sever,  severe. 

39.  The  Small  Circle  Iss,  hetzveen  strokes,  is 
turned  in  the  most  convenient  manner. 

39b.  Lesser,  razor,  racer,  wrestle,  chaser,  Joseph,  chisel, 
jostle. 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 


15 


37b. 


•o^ 


w  v^  r  r  /' 


-^ 


.^^^^e-  z*^  ^  ^ 


38b. 
39b. 


/-^-^--^-'-^-^-X 


o 


^ 


^.. 


Ir 


^.:.:X-: 


•r^/ 


.d..  .  ..<7..L.l..:..£....A^. .  .-/&...^..f2. 


16  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

40.  Reading  Circles  and  Loops. — A  circle  or 
loop  at  the  beginning  of  a  stroke  is  read  before  the 
stroke  and  any  vowel  placed  beside  it ;  and  a  circle 
or  loop  at  the  end  of  a  stroke  is  read  after  the  stroke 
or  any  vowel  placed  beside  it.  This  rule  is  exempli- 
fied in  the  Iss  shorthand  just  presented,  as  it  will  be 
in  the  circle  and  loop  studies  hereafter. 

41.  Unaccented  Vowels. — In  each  of  the  words 
used  in  39b,  the  vowel  of  the  last  syllable  is  indis- 
tinct, and  is  omitted.  As  a  general  rule,  unaccented 
vowels,  unless  initial  or  final,  need  no  indication. 

42.  A  Large  Circle. — The  small  circle  may  be 
enlarged  to  add  another  s  or  s  when  two  sibilants 
(s  or  2)  occur  with  a  vowel  between  them.  The 
large  circle  is  called  Ses.  A  vowel-sign  may  be 
written  within  this  circle,  when  necessary. 

42b.  Lace,  laces ;  loss,  losses ;  chase,  chases ;  pace, 
paces  ;  piece,  pieces ;  base,  bases ;  pose,  poses ;  possess,  pos- 
sessive, possessor,  possessory;  Cicero,  pesos. 

43.  A  Small  Loop,  named  Steh,  written  in  the 
circle  place,  indicates  the  sound  of  st  with  no  inter- 
vening vowel. 

43b.  Stall,  lost,  raced,  rest,  roast,  waste,  west,  stitch, 
stage,  chased,  stop,  step,  post,  boast,  story,  faced,  vest. 

44.  Loops  between  Strokes  are  seldom  used 
(and  their  use  will  be  presented  hereafter),  but  Iss 
is  used  instead  of  Steh  in  some  instances,  ignoring 
the  sound  of  t. 

44b.    Listless,   restless,   beastly,  justly. 

Note. — Joined  between  strokes,  the   Iss   or   Ses   circle 

must  sometimes  take  the  form  of  a  loop,  but  a  loop  is 
never  used  in  such  manner. 

45.  A  Large  Loop,  named  Star,  written  in  the 


CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 


17 


42b.   .^. ^.r.:C ei. /-jjy.AL/j.y:.. 

.<t..yt....^.J      

43b.  :t:.£. x.x. ^j.AiLt-.ely.j.. L.^.. 

.J:J: 


44b.      .!^.^,.t.^. 

45b.     .f.^J....^^IJ'.Acl: 

46b.   ...f".^.^.^.er.^:.^:.^-_A.f. 


<5L-<«. 


46 


Key.    j..cJc._'r::...,J':>:.^.u.,  ^: 


■^  /  "  ^  /'__. .,._^..,_^o ^__,  ^^^__ 


.^■. 


> 


/.i:^. 


/  <i  i'- 


/ 

.^.-;r:..r:.2.r:/ 


18  CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

circle  place,  denotes  str.  When  this  loop  is  initial 
it  is  used  to  denote  st-r  with  a  vowel  between  st 
and  r.  Its  vowel  may  be  indicated  by  writing  the 
sign  within  the  loop  and  placing  the  outline  in  true 
position,  as  in  45b  shorthand;  or  the  vowel  sign 
may  be  omitted,  the  position  and  context  affording 
sufficient  identification  of  the  word. 

45b.  Stirrup,  store,  steer;  luster,  jester,  poster,  boaster, 
fester. 

46.  Iss  may  be  added  to  Ses,  Steh,  Star,  on  the 
end  of  a  stroke,  by  writing  a  small  circle  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  stroke ;  and  to  the  Star-loop 
standing  alone,  by  writing  a  small  circle  within  the 
loop. 

46b.  Lists,  rests,  wastes,  jests,  jesters,  possesses,  vests, 
festers,  foresters ;  steers,  stores,  stirs. 

47a.  Six  Vertical  Strokes  represent  th  (as  in 
thin,  thick,  etc.),  th  (as  in  the,  then,  etc.),  t,  d,  s,  z, 
and  are  named  respectively  Ith,  Dhe,  Tee,  Dee,  Es, 
Zee.  They  are  represented  by  Roman  letters,  thus : 
th,  dh,  t,  d,  s,  s. 

48a.  Third  Position  Vowels. — These  are  written 
near  the  ends  of  strokes,  and,  with  this  exception, 
subject  to  all  that  is  said  with  reference  to  vowels 
in  paragraphs  8,  9,  10,  21a.    Especially  note  10  (c). 

49a.  Third  Position  Strokes  and  Briefs. — An 
ascending  or  descending  stroke — or  first  ascending 
or  descending  stroke,  if  two  or  more  strokes  are 
joined — must  be  written  through  the  line ;  and 
briefs  just  below  the  line.  See  third  position  brief 
wordsigns,  50a. 


CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 


19 


47a.    Six  Consonants,  Downward 
Vertically. 


(    th,     it,       s:  named    v   Ith,       Tee,       Es. 
(    th.     I  d.  )  z:  named    (   Dhe,    I  Dee,  )    Zee. 

48a.    Third  Position  Vowels. 

i,  light  dot,  as  in.  L.at,^.Ush,..r7dash..   i.  add. 
a,  heavy  dot,  as  in.^.far,  ^ par,^  jar.  ^J»r. 
if,  light  dash,  as  in/^.pull,^:(  push. 
06,  heavy  dash,  as  in  //.pool  ^  rood,..  \  Zoo. 


49b. 


-e-.^.-^.-^-^-l^P'-^-y-ri-r- 


■/-:/ :i-:|-f -1 


50a.    Wordsigns:    Briefs,  Right-slant 
and  Vertical  Strokes,  Three  Positions. 


is,  his 

always 

f  l^ge 


..as,  has 
L  .whole 


.first 
.away 


/   hope-d,  party  L...  possibk-ly 


/, 


..^..the  first 
J.,  advantage 

../.expect 


20  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

49b.  Alley,  rap,  sloop,  chap,  shallow,  poor,  boor,  pool, 
thatch,  slap,  Al,  ash,  Ab,  abbey,  at,  add,  soothe,  zoo. 

Nofe. — Third  position  vowels  are  written  before  the 
second  stroke,  when  written  between  strokes. 

50a.     W  ordsigns. 

51a.  Six  Horizontal  Strokes,  written  to  the 
right,  represent  k,  g  (as  in  go,  gay,  etc.),  ui,  n,  ng 
(as  in  ring,  king,  etc.),  and  the  combinations  mh  and 
mp  (as  in  kemp,  ember,  etc.),  and  these  strokes  are 
respectively  named  Kay,  Gay,  Em,  En,  Ing — and 
the  last  one  named  Emb  or  Emp.  For  greater 
facility  in  writing,  ng  is  shaded  near  its  beginning 
and  emb-emp  near  its  ending. 

52.  Order  of  Reading  Vozcels  to  Horizontal 
Strokes. — When  a  vowel  is  placed  above  a  hori- 
zontal stroke  it  is  read  before  the  stroke ;  when 
placed  below,  it  is  read  after  the  stroke.  Mb-mp 
follows  this  rule,  a  vowel  being  read  before  or  after 
both  of  the  consonant  sounds. 

52b.     Ache,  Kay,  oak,  go,  Em,  may,  En,  no,  impose. 

Positions  of  Horizontal  Strokes. 

53.  First  Position. — The  length  of  a  stroke 
(i.e.,  the  height  of  a  /-stroke)  above  the  ruled  line. 

S3b.     Eke,  knee,   e'en,   knock,  king,   Kinney,   me,    imp. 

54.  Second  Position. — On  the  line.    See  52b. 

55.  Third  Position. — Just  below  the  line. 
S5b.    Acme,  agony,  Annie,  gang,  Mack,  knack. 
56a.     Wordsigns. 

Diphthongs. 

57a.     A   Diphthong  is  a  union   of  two  vowel 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 


21 


--  /-object 

--/j  objected 

--/"subject 

---/|  subjected 

.  ./.tobc 

.;  .however 

..-(-think 

thank-ed, 
-r...  thousand 

-A.  them 

—C.ihis 

— o.-thcmselves 

-.-^- -though 

/those 

..J._.it 

it  is,  it  has, 

-.L-     its 

...  I^.itself 

.1.  at  first 

......dollar 

...Ido 

...Ldoes 

..|..ha<l 

...^  .us,  use  (noun) 

.-.y.use  (verb) 

_  )..was 

..:..thc 

.or 

-l-Of 

on 

already 

,    awe,  aught, 
ought 

'.aU 

-  hear,  her, 
.."l-    here 

(^why 

^  ever 

50  Key. 

-.b-^:^---^-/^:;-/-'-'^- 

..L..y^.  .1 

IL.-_.  |...|..  ■...^!/..;..M-.)/ 

1  .1                 '        /■ 

51a.    Six  Consonants,  Horizontal,  to  the 
Right. 

—  k,  ^^  m,  — ^  n 

;  named  — Kay,  ,-^Em;  ^.^En. 

_g,^mb,^- 

ng:  named  — Gajj  -^  Emb,  _.  Ing. 

^mp: 

-^Rmh. 

52b. 

^^^^^^^    ^  •^--- 

22  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

sounds  pronounced  in  one  syllable,  and  is  indicated, 
in  phonetic  shorthand,  without  regard  to  any  other 
than  phonetic  spelling.  Diphthongs  are  represented 
by  acute  angles,  each  member  slanting  to  the  right, 
for  facility  in  writing,  and  are  subject  to  all  rules 
governing  vowels,  heretofore  stated. 

Note. — PVi,  the  union  of  w  and  the  diphthong  t,  is 
denoted  by  a  right  angle.  It  is  included  in  the  diphthong 
table  for  convenience. 

57b.  Guide,  Giles,  boy,  annoy,  toy,  foul,  cowl,  fuse, 
Tuesday. 

58a.     Wordsigns. 

59.  Diphthongs  Joined  to  Strokes. — When 
convenient  a  diphthong  may  be  joined  to  a  follow- 
ing or  preceding  stroke. 

59b.  Eyed,  eyes,  ice,  oil,  oily,  bough,  dow,  cue,  wide, 
wipe,  wight 

RULES   SET   IN  ORDER. 

60.  The  foregoing  pages  present  consonants, 
vowels,  and  diphthongs,  with  partial  statements  of 
certain  rules.  These  rules  will  now  be  given  full 
statement;  and  other  rules,  not  yet  touched  upon, 
will  then  be  presented. 

POSITIONS  OF  WORDS. 

The  First  Position. 

61.  For  Horizontals  and  Briefs — the  height  of 
a  f-stroke  above  the  ruled  line. 

61b.    The  key  is  in  the  ink.    The  king  knocks. 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 


23 


53b. 
S5b. 


56a.    Wordsigns:    Horizontal  Strokes. 


give-n 

similar 

any 

long 


important 
.importance 


language 


.home 
improve-d, 
may  be 

,  next 


.whom 

.impossible 

.thing 


57a.    Diphthongs. 

T,  as  in pie,....by,.;?l.shy,_':_-Ue, guide. 

oi,  as  in boy,t noise, coy,....  joy, ."T?-. rejoice. 

ou,  as  in_|..out,^..Ioud, cow,_^^^ allow,../  bow. 

vU  as  in quiet, wide, wipe. 


57  Key. 


n  t 


'/ 


24  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

62.  For  all  other  Signs — with  the  bottom  of 
the  stroke  half  the  height  of  a  ^stroke  above  the 
line. 

62b.    The  pile  by  the  side  of  the  lock  is  big. 

The  Second  Position. 

63.  For  any  Kind  of  Sign — on  the  line. 

63b.  They  may  say  so.  They  go,  and  ihey  may  be 
going  to  mow.     He  may  have  a  penny  a  day. 

The  Third  Position. 

64.  For  Horizontals  and  Briefs  (and  half- 
lengths  hereafter  to  be  presented) — just  below  the 
ruled  line ;  and  for  all  other  signs — through  the  line. 

64b.  How  the  cow  chews  at  the  stack.  Lucas  sat  an 
hour  at  the  house. 

General  Rules  of  Position. 

65.  The  Position  of  a  Word  is  first,  second,  or 
third,  to  correspond  with  the  position  of  its  vowel 
— or  its  accented  vowel  where  the  word  has  more 
than  one  vowel. 

65b.  It  is  a  pity  Addie  lost  the  buggy.  Showery  days 
make  muddy  forests.     Six  big  dogs  chased  back  the  fox. 

66.  When  a  word  has  more  than  one  stroke,  the 
first  ascending  or  descending  stroke  takes  the  posi- 
tion assigned  to  the  word,  and  horizontals  are  to  be 
adjusted  to  such  position. 

66b.  Cody,  Gaudy,  Caddo,  Kennedy,  Canada,  Kerry, 
camomile  (or  chamomile),  Mississippi,  Alabama,  Albany. 

67.  Fourth  Position. — To,  preceding  a  word 
beginning  with  a  descending  or  horizontal  stroke,  is 


CHALLKNGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 


25 


58a.    Wordsigns:    Diphthongs. 

I,  eye  how  house 

-,new  — r  now,  .^T.  highly 


— houses 


59b. 
61b. 
62b. 
63b. 

64b. 


^  j^_^ 


i  / 


65b.      .  I 


c:.A./.z± 


z\: 


> 


Qzr--— / 


66b.      _Z1 


n-n- 


■-"^' 


26  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

implied  by  commencing  that  word  against  the  lower 
side  of  the  ruled  line,  and  the  position  of  that  word 
is  called  the  fourth  position. 

67b.  Today,  to  pay,  to  see,  to  say,  to  go,  to  know,  to 
make,  to  me. 

SIGN-NAMES    AND    POSITION-NUMBERS. 

68.  Names. — To  render  conversation  intel- 
ligible about  shorthand,  it  is  necessary  to  use  the 
names  of  strokes,  circles,  loops,  ticks,  and  groups. 

A  tick,  in  a  given  direction,  takes  for  its  name 
the  sound  of  the  stroke  of  that  direction,  followed 
by  old.    For  example,  Boid — resembling  h. 

68b.  Toid,  Doid,  Poid,  Boid,  Roid.  El,  Ar,  Ish,  Way, 
Chay,  Jay,  Pee,  Bee,  Ef,  Vee,  Ith,  Dhe,  Tee,  Dee,  Es,  Zee, 
Kay,  Gay,  Em,  Emp,  En,  Ing. 

69.  Position  Numbers. — 1,  3,  or  4,  written  or 
spoken  after  a  stroke  or  brief,  indicates  respectively 
the  first,  third,  or  fourth  position ;  and  an  outline 
without  number  is  of  the  second  position. 

69b.  Dh-Iss  sh-Iss  the  s"  Poid*  n-m-Iss,  and  Poid* 
Poid  P-d.  r-v-ng  t'  vM-Iss.  Poid  Roid  b  Roid'  Iss'  w. 
Translation. — This  shows  the  use  of  names,  and  how  to 
read,  leaving  out  vowels.    He  should  be  on  his  way. 

70.  Caution. — The  common  name  of  each  con- 
sonant is  retained  where  the  consonant  sound  and  a 
vowel  sound  form  the  name ;  as  /,  r,  j,  p,  h,  f,  v,  t, 
d,  s,  z,  k,  m,  n;  but  where  the  common  name  fur- 
nishes no  certain  suggestion  of  the  consonant  sound, 
it  is  rejected,  and  the  true  sound,  united  with  a 
vowel  sound,  is  used  instead;  as  sh  (Ish),  w 
(Way),  ch  (Chay),  th  (Ith),  dh  (Dhe),  g  (Gay). 

Y  (Yay)  and  h  (Hay)  are  yet  to  be  presented. 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL  27 


67b.  ..       _.  ....._ 


y. 


.»f-..^-.:.;.il-.^A..-rr.^....; ^ .  /..l 


■^/■' 


^\,..^...^..J..L^^.Jd/....^.l 


68b.  .:.';:.:.i^. ^..^.LrLLUj.LL 

mi __.._._.._._ ._.... 

-i-V- ^----^/- 

±-H-/-'-i-^--f- 

69  Key.        ..1...^,..^   /  i.....^.. ^. 

.r...^...(_._.L) ^/...... 


28  CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

VOWELS   BETWEEN   STROKES. 

71.  The  following  Rule  (72)  guards  against 
the  placing  of  a  first-  or  third-position  vowel  in  an 
angle,  where  its  value  would  be  uncertain ;  and  also 
furnishes  an  additional  check  upon  long  and  short 
second  place  vowels. 

72.  All  First  Place  and  Long  Second  Place 
Vowels  are  written  after  the  first  stroke ;  and  all 
other  vowels  are  written  before  the  second  stroke. 

72b.  Tyke,  teak,  pick,  job,  rick;  take,  tome.  Job;  jem, 
deck,  duck,  mull;  tack,  back,  lack,  look,  took. 

7Z.  Though  Rule  72  is  designed,  in  part,  to 
keep  first  place  and  third  place  vowels  away  from 
angles,  yet,  in  some  cases,  a  third  place  vowel  must 
fall  in  an  angle,  and  must  be  carefully  written 
nearer  the  stroke  to  which  it  belongs  than  to  the 
other. 

73b.    Boomer,  family,  damply. 

74.  A  circle  between  strokes  may  cause  a  first 
or  third  place  vowel  to  fall  in  an  angle,  and  in  that 
event  it  must  be  carefully  written  nearer  the  stroke 
to  which  it  belongs  than  to  the  other  stroke,  if 
possible ;  or  omitted. 

74b.    Exile,  axle,  Exall,  absorb,  dissolve. 

75.  Strokes  Written  at  an  Acute  Angle  some- 
times render  Rule  72  inoperative,  with  regard  to 
long  and  short  second  place  vowels,  because  the 
vowel  must  be  practically  as  near  to  one  stroke  as 
to  the  other. 

7Sb.  Fellow,  fore,  fur,  dale,  dell,  jail,  jelly,  rage, 
wretch,  rope,  rub. 


CHALLENCK    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 


29 


Li_z- 


72b. 

74b.      _^..^.^AP..^ 

75b.     .yir.Jr..ii-...tr..k::.^.^ 


-f-f  y-/- 


75  Key. 


Z. 


...r/. 


/' 


.|^. .  ./^.,....:. 


-7  /  ).        ,     /-       A.        --  l*^   ' 


-<i.-/ 


M 


./... 


30  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

76.  Strokes  Written  at  an  Acute  Angle,  with  a 
joined  circle  between,  sometimes  render  the  indica- 
tion of  a  vowel  impracticable,  and  such  outlines 
must  be  read  by  means  of  position  and  context. 

76b.  Vastly,  vassal,  vessel,  dazzle,  tassel,  pestle,  base- 
less, puzzle,  desire,  absorb,  dissolve,  absolve. 

77.  When  tzvo  Vowels  occur  betzveen  tzvo 
Strokes,  one  vowel  is  written  to  each  stroke,  if  that 
can  be  conveniently  done ;  otherwise  both  are  writ- 
ten beside  one  stroke,  placing  nearer  the  stroke  the 
vowel  to  be  read  nearer,  and  a  little  farther  away  the 
vowel  to  be  read  farther  from  the  stroke. 

77b.  Piety,  pious,  science,  poem;  vowel,  duel,  dual, 
towel,  power. 

Note. — After  thorough  practice  with  the  words  used  in 
paragraph  77b»  give  them  as  thorough  practice,  omitting 
unaccented  vowels. 


ORDER   OF   READING   VOWELS. 

78.  When  a  vowel  is  placed  above  a  horizontal 
stroke,  or  to  the  left  of  any  other,  it  is  read  before 
the  stroke,  and  after  an  initial  circle  or  loop. 

78b.  Ache,  oak,  aim,  inn,  edge,  each,  if.  odd,  at,  ask, 
ace.  Sake,  sack,  sip,  sign,  step,  stirrup.  Some  of  them 
say  they  will  stop  soon. 

79.  When  a  vozvel  is  placed  below  a  horizontal 
stroke,  or  to  the  right  of  any  other,  it  is  read  after 
the  stroke,  and  before  a  final  circle  or  loop. 

79b.  They  go  to  mow  the  meadow  today.  They  may 
see  Joe  go.  They  wish  to  see  those  arrows,  if  they  may. 
Impose,  mass,  masts,  masters,  posts,  jest,  base. 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 


31 


h  ^J 


76b.    ..^.^./-.j,..^../:../.,.;rri:.r^. 


77b. 
78b. 


L 


^-:--^'-k'-kk'^ 

79b.    .i_..._.:...3^.J,^i.__. 
.^^..Jl.CA 


79  Key. 


\.L^- 


P~ 


r  o 


4....... 


..<.. 


.Z.^.-. 


A, 


32  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

JOINING  CONSONANT   STROKES. 

80.  Write  the  first  stroke  as  it  should  be  writ- 
ten, upward,  downward,  or  to  the  right,  and  com- 
mence the  second  stroke  where  the  first  ends,  the 
third  being  continued  from  the  end  of  the  second, 
and  so  on,  without  hfting  the  pen ;  and  bear  in  mind 
that  the  first  ascending  or  descending  stroke  (if 
any)  takes  the  position  required  for  the  word. 

80b.  Enigma,  comic,  come,  cook,  agony,  agonize.  Mike. 
Mamie,  Minnie,  Mooney,  Mack;  malady,  Kennedy,  Canada, 
China,  variety,  varied,  deny,  cape,  cap,  callow,  Forney. 

81.  A  Heavy,  Straight  Line,  when  joined  with- 
out an  angle  to  a  light  line,  should  taper  toward  the 
point  of  union. 

81b.    Beppo,  diet,  tidy,  keg,  Chicago,  defy,  log,  lug,  lag. 

82.  A  Heavy  Curve,  joined  without  an  angle 
to  a  heavy  straight  line,  should  not  taper  toward  the 
point  of  junction. 

82b.    Judah,  Zeba. 

83.  The  Inclination  of  Sloping  Strokes  may  be 

varied   in   order  to  secure  easier   junction   with   a 

preceding  or  following  stroke. 

83b.  Ray,  rake,  rosy;  Poe,  poem,  poet;  Shay,  shake, 
shady;  ray,  gory,  fur. 

84.  The  Acnteness  of  the  Angle,  and  conse- 
quent ease  of  junction,  in  words  containing  curves, 
may  be  considerably  affected  by  variations  in  curva- 
ture of  the  curved  strokes. 

84b,  May,  make,  empty;  nigh,  deny,  knock,  agony, 
piano;  Jay,  gem,  Jerre,  Jessie;  so,  acid,  Osage,  ossify, 
acid,  chaos;  lion,  lamp;  Shay,  sherry,  shake. 


CHALLKNGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 


33 


82b. 
83b. 

84b. 


T 


-/ 


../i::.»;.;-/A..^.;.^.^.4.;- 


--•^----^ 


84Key.        ..^..  .  _.U-;  ^-Z^^^-^-,- 

-..J......-':.:...:..... .-.ca 


..^ 


j--,;-|- 


34  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

CONTRACTIONS. 

85.  A  Contraction  is  an  outline  consisting-  of 
more  than  one  stroke,  but  less  than  the  full  con- 
sonant representation  of  a  word.  Contractions  will 
be  used  in  Key  exercises  as  occasion  may  naturally 
arise  for  their  use,  and  full  list  given  at  the  close 
of  this  work. 


TICKS  JOINED  TO  STROKES  OR  BRIEFS. 

86.  A,  an,  or  and  may  be  joined  to  a  following 
stroke  or  circle  by  a  horizontal  or  vertical  tick. 

86b.  A  boy ;  an  egg ;  and  go ;  and  come ;  and  seek ; 
and  sit;  and  stay;  and  weigh;  and  jump;  and  show;  and 
is;  and  has. 

87.  The  may  be  joined  to  a  preceding  word  by 
a  tick  written  in  the  direction  of  Pee  or  Ar. 

87b.  Saw  the ;  said  the ;  in  the ;  make  the ;  do  the ; 
fix  the ;  cause  the ;  may  the. 

88.  The  may  be  joined  to  a  following  word  by 
a  sloping  tick,  resting  on  the  ruled  line  and  written 
upward. 

88b.    The  first;  the  next;  the  new. 

89.  He  may  be  joined  to  a  following  word  by  a 
tick  on  the  line,  written  in  Pee  or  Ar  direction,  or 
inclined  to  the  left  if  more  convenient ;  and  he  or 
him  may  be  joined  to  a  preceding  word  by  a  tick 
in  Pee  or  Ar  direction. 

89b.  He  took;  he  said;  he  saw;  he  was;  he  looked; 
he  left;  he  makes;  he  must;  he  may.  Had  he;  does  he; 
may  he ;  see  him ;  saw  him ;  says  he. 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL  35 


86b.  .z.^  _  ._^._l;..I...t../^. 


/'  ^ 

/ 

u''^ 

-^ 

87b.      ./..:l. ,-r— ^--L 

88b.        .^_/^--__,— n  ._. 

89b. 


•Q-.^,:r-r-^-^-- 


90b.     ../...l-.,1...l...1_..-^^^.<?. 


91b.    ..^._'7:.. ^._^._.._f. 


L,^:i^J:.i'. 


92b 


92  Key.  ^_ 


->-.--4./.. 


;.- 


36  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

90.  /  may  be  joined,  by  either  of  said  sloping 
ticks,  to  any  following  word  that,  in  its  proper 
position,  will  permit  the  /-tick  to  be  written  above 
the  ruled  line. 

90b.  I  saw ;  I  say ;  I  do ;  I  had ;  I  take ;  I  took ;  I 
leave;  I  like. 

91.  Position  of  a  Stroke  may  be  changed,  to 
give  the  I-tick  its  place  above  the  line,  or  the  /i^- 
tick  its  place  on  the  line. 

91b.  He  may;  I  may;  he  knows,  I  know;  he  said,  I 
said;  he  looks,  I  look;  he  lacks,  I  lack. 

92.  Thr,  for  there,  their,  they  are,  when  it 
cannot  be  otherwise  conveniently  expressed  in  a 
phrase  sign,  may  be  denoted  by  a  heavy  tick  in  the 
direction  of  Bee. 

92b.  Sees  their ;  sees  they  are ;  sees  there ;  goes  there ; 
says  they  are;  does  there. 

PHRASE    WRITING. 

93.  The  speed  and  legibility  of  writing  may  be 
considerably  increased  by  the  judicious  use  of 
phrase  writing ;  that  is,  by  joining  words  occurring 
together  in  phrases  or  clauses,  where  the  w^ords  may 
be  easily  and  readily  joined,  and  without  going  too 
far  above  or  below  the  line. 

Position  of  Phrase  Signs. 

94.  The  First  Word  of  a  phrase  is  usually  writ- 
ten in  its  proper  position,  and  the  other  word  or 
words  follow  without  regard  to  position. 

94b.  I  may  go;  he  may  go;  his  own  son;  how  came 
this  ?    I  will ;  he  will ;  I  shall ;  he  shall. 


CHAU.EXGE   SHORTHAND    MAXUAL  37 


>./:/-/.,../..  ..L.^...^_..A. 


/.6-^..-/^£_      ■    -""~^  ■'^■'  ^ 


...~.^../..f'__.'cz.^/.;..^^...^...xi...|.. 


."fr:. C..Z. 


94b.      .  .....T— , 

.^..J^..^U 


449505 


38  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

95.  The  Second  Word  determines  the  position 
of  a  phrase  when  the  first  word  is  represented  by  a 
horizontal  stroke,  or  a  brief,  of  the  first  position,, 
which  may  be  joined  to  the  second  word  without 
being  brought  down  to  or  below  the  line. 

95b.  Any  time ;  in  time ;  any  day ;  is  to  be ;  I  was 
going  on  Tuesday. 

96.  The  Second  Word  also  governs  position 
when  the  tick  for  a,  an,  or  and  is  the  first  portion  of 
the'  phrase  sign,  and  the  second  word  is  not  the, 
a,  an,  or  and. 

96b.  A  boy ;  a  cow ;  a  mass ;  and  this ;  and  these ;  and 
thus ;  an  atom ;  an  echo. 

97.  Is,  his,  as,  has. — Occasionally  the  small 
circle  denoting  is,  his,  as,  or  has,  is  written  out  of 
position  to  give  position  to  a  preceding  or  following 
stroke. 

97b.  He  is  going ;  he  had  his  book ;  he  has  come ;  he 
is  coming;  as  far  as. 

98.  Is,  his,  as,  has. — The  small  circle,  denoting 
is,  his,  as,  or  has,  may  be  enlarged  to  add  another 
word  of  the  same  list ;  and  in  such  case  the  position 
of  the  first  word  is  retained. 

98b.  Is  his  book ;  is  as  far ;  his  has  no  check ;  as  is 
my  own ;  as  his  was ;  such  as  has. 

99.  It  is  not  advantageous  to  make  phrase  out- 
lines too  long,  or  reaching  too  far  above  or  below 
the  ruled  line. 

99b.  It  was  so  many  days  ago.  I  see  so  many  socie- 
ties are  going  to  be  represented. 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 


39 


95b. 
96b. 
97b. 


;-bPv4 


/' 


/ 


^^'1-^' 


■>; 


97  Key. 


/■ 


/^ 


98b.     ^^^..;. ..>..;..^.;...r^^  ;  <^  ;  r/ 


99b. 

-^1-/--- 

99  Key. 


^. 


L,  y 


.C...*::..K.  ...^.i...^__^..  _ 


«__p 


I 


40  CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

CIRCLES   ADDED. 

Iss  may  be  Added  to  Indicate : 

100.  The  plural  number  or  possesswe  case  of 

nouns. 

100b.  Pumps;  Dick's  pumps;  May's  pears;  Joe's  jew- 
els; the  packages  are  ours. 

101.  The  third  person  singular  of  a  verb  in  the 
present  tense. 

101b.  He  stays ;  she  rides ;  it  rests ;  it  lies  here ;  he 
pursues ;  it  follows. 

102.  The  addition  of  is,  his,  as,  or  has,  prin- 
cipally to  pronouns,  conjunctions,  and  adverbs. 

102b.  He  has  a  pail ;  he  is  going ;  she  has  come ;  he 
has  nothing  but  his  books  and  has  to  work;  he  goes  as  far 
as  the  city. 

103.  The  addition  of  his  to  prepositions. 

103b.  On  his  pony  he  is  going  to  his  home  for  his 
books. 

104.  The  addition  of  self  to  pronouns. 

104b.  He  keeps  himself.  I  save  myself.  She  stays  by 
herself.    It  lay  by  itself. 

105.  The  Iss  circle  may  he  enlarged  to  indicate 
a  plural  number  or  possessive  case,  or  to  add  is,  his, 
as,  or  has. 

105b.  The  roses  are  Tess's  or  Bess's.  This  is  the 
best.  He  should  raise  his  cap.  He  does  as  much.  This 
has  lost  the  way. 

PREFIXES  AND  SUFFIXES. 

106.  A  light  dot,  placed  at  the  beginning  of  a 
word,  signifies  con,  or  com. 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    >rANUAL  41 


100b.     A-;-^-A..;..^..^.;.X^..;...:... 

•'^101.  _^-_^_£l,._[/_,.L£:-,.^.;. 


102b.      ...^._;..>^^...;..j: ''-^-^ 

:-'-"^->-/ 

103b.  .<<._ >7-v_.. ,-__^.„^.y. 

105b.     .;.  ^..^....L'.^/.i^..//^../?.„T7.. 


lOSKey.         (L.-/^-;-,..>— ..^, 


^..£.^,.:..J./ 


■f//       ■    -   /•)  J  L 


t 


.^..^.y...^.7::..^...<...., 


42  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

106b.  Confer,  commit,  continue,  compare,  compose, 
committee,  conferring. 

107.  The  dot  for  con  or  com  may  be  implied 
by  writing  a  brief  in  place  of  it. 

107b.  The  committee ;  and  his  committee :  and  confers  ; 
and  is  conferring;  as  comparing;  and  as  composing;  as 
a  comparison;  is  a  comparison. 

108.  The  dot  for  con  or  com  may  be  implied 
by  writing  the  remainder  of  the  word  under  any 
preceding  and  closely  connected  word ;  or  near  and 
partially  under  the  same.  If  the  remainder  of  the 
word  has  a  distinctive  outline,  this  prefix  needs  no 
indication. 

108b.  This  committee  was  conferring,  and  it  continued 
itS'  work.    By  the  comparison ;  by  a  comparison. 

109.  For  the  aflfix  ing  write  the  »io[-stroke  when 
junction  is  easy ;  otherwise  a  light  dot  at  the  end  of 
a  stroke  indicates  ing;  a  heavy  dot,  ings. 

109b.  Laying,  arraying,  showing,  weighing,  chewing, 
paying,  obeying,  loving,  having,  doing,  tying,  seeing,  going, 
coming,  making,  aiming,  knowing. 

110.  A  Wordsign  or  Contraction,  retaining  the 
last  consonant  sign  of  the  word,  may  take  the  Ing- 
stroke  for  ing;  otherwise  the  dot  should  be  used. 

110b.  Willing,  hearing,  being,  having,  longing,  work- 
ing, enlarging,  giving,  purposing,  objecting,  subjecting, 
thinking,  thanking,  gathering,  improving. 

111.  The  ticks  for  the,  a.  an,  and,  thr,  may 
be  used  in  place  of  the  ing-dot;  and  a  heavy  tick, 
left  slant,  may  be  used  to  represent  ingl\. 

111b.  Doing  the;  thinking  a;  tying  an  ox;  thinking 
and  hearing,  musingly.  Amusing  their  boys  ;  staying  there ; 
expecting  -their  work  to  be  successful ;  thinking  they  are 
followed. 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL  43 


106b.   .  ^..:..y.r:..^...J'—... ^^., 

107b.    ..'..;_'.;  A;  ^;  „...;....•        ;fe 

108b.  .|.j^....l.^.^.y..>^.;./^ 
109b.    '^ryr^....^..^^..^^  £...^  c  ^- 

110b.  .^^^...^::::,..c  <L-^-;^-C .... 

.^e-::^^/-//-^.-:!^---..-- 

f  ;  ^.L./..^.-J,.h/, - 

111  Key.       ..-<f__L_... ,..Srrr-_..^2y 

}    Z'       ^        "^ /  ^^     °  i  / 


/?.-- 


i-/..r.j..^..c.-..^..L.A...^^/Z2 


44  CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

OMISSION    OF    OF. 

112.  Of  may  be  omitted,  and  implied,  by  writ- 
ing the  adjacent  strokes  near  each  other. 

112b.  Coming  of  summer;  going  of  automobiles;  the 
ways  of  many;  sights  of  Chicago. 

113.  The,  following  an  omitted  of,  may  be 
joined  by  a  tick  to  the  preceding  word ;  and  a  or  an, 
by  a  tick  to  the  following  word. 

113b.  Coming  of  the  summer;  coming  of  a  summer; 
going  of  the  automobiles;  going  of  an  automobile;  the 
ways  of  the  many;  the  ways  of  a  mob. 

Note. — Though  literally  written :  Coming  the  of  sum- 
mer ;  going  the  of  automobiles ;  the  ways  the  of  many — 
the  writer  or  reader  need  not  be  confused  thereby.  This 
license  is  very  useful. 

PUNCTUATION. 

114.  The  marks  employed  in  stenography  are 
as  follows :  comma,  semicolon,  colon,  parentheses, 
exclamation,  caret — as  in  longhand;  period,  pp ; 
paragraph,  double  period  strokes ;  hyphen,  double 
ticks.  Pee  direction ;  dash,  two  Kay  strokes  close 
side  by  side;  interrogation,  as  in  the  shorthand 
opposite. 

114b.  This  is  the  day.  The  boy,  dog,  and  ox,  came 
(by  various  ways)  to  the  house;  thus:  the  boy  came  west 
by  south ;  the  dog,  south ;  the  ox,  west. 

Does  James  see  the  boy?    If  so,  does  he  speak  to  him? 

The  waste-pile — back  of  the  city — is  high.     (Pshaw!) 

This  is  so  far — a  thousand  miles — Chicago! 

115.  Omission  of  Comma  and  Semicolon. — 
These  may  be  omitted,  and  indicated  by  careful 
spacing,  or  by  context. 

115b.     Those  in  the  house  are  Joseph  Ray,  of   Sales- 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 


45 


113b. 


\^ 


;-i— ; Ci. 


"7. 


114b.  _^..y.:/.,.A.,.r..^^/... 


115b. 


t  — -6 


./..^./>;_(^/i:^.; 


^ 


^^-/ ;: 

115  Key.       ^^_  z^.,"?^.,.  _'_! 


7 


V. 


L-.n....^-. 


./. 


± 


i^ 


f 


^-/-l-/--'- 


46  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

ville;   James   Redd,  of  Albany;   and  Jerre   Ragsdale,   of 
Jacksboro. 

INITIALS  AND  PROPER  NAMES. 

116.  Initials  should  be  written  in  longhand. 
(The  last  page  of  these  rules  presents  shorthand 
initials,  for  the  advanced  writer.)  An  unfamiliar 
name,  upon  its  first  occurrence,  should  be  written 
in  longhand  and,  upon  its  recurrence,  in  shorthand. 
Familiar  names,  like  Smith,  Johnson,  Jack,  James, 
and  names  of  States  and  principal  cities,  should  be 
written  in  shorthand,  as  hereinafter  indicated. 

116b.  Jerre  Johnson,  Jack  Smith,  B.  J.  Matthews,  and 
H.  P.  Forney,  visit  the  city  on  Tuesday.  Messrs.  Smith 
and  Forney  may  be  here  many  days. 

TICKS  JOINED  TO  TICKS. 

117.  Careful  observance  of  the  following  rules 
will  render  all  this  work  simple  and  certain. 

(a).  Koid,  for  a-n-d  followed  by  the,  is  written 
on  the  ruled  line. 

(b).  Koid,  for  a-n-d  followed  by  any  tick 
wordsign,  except  the,  leaves  the  wordsign  in  its 
proper  position. 

(c).  All  the  wordsign  ticks  when  alone  or 
initial  are  written  downward,  except  on  and  should. 

(d).  Should  and  on  are  written  downward,  fol- 
lowing the  a-n-d  tick. 

117b.  (a).  And  the.  (b).  And  but;  and  he;  and  to; 
and  who.  (c).  But  the;  to  the;  he  should;  or  the;  of  the; 
on  the;  all  the;  should  the.     (d).  And  should;  and  on. 

Note. —  (And  of,  and  all,  are  not  written  with  joined 
ticks,  but  each  phrase  with  a  tick  and  hook,  to  be  presented 
hereafter.) 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL  47 


116b. 


y   f   ■> 


117b.     .^, /i^_-,_,,..,..y'(f:?.K.*.,. 

^,.7 

ii7Key.     .  ^^^.,^^  ,_,-!r::Tr:. (_,.e??... 


48  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

USES  OF  S  AND  Z  STROKES  AND  BRIEFS. 
Use  S-  or  Z-stroke  in  the  following  cases : 

118.  When  the  only  consonant  sound  is  s  or  z. 
118b.    See,  say,  ease,  zoo,  sigh,  easy,  Asa. 

119.  When  two  vowels  follow. 
119b.  Science,  scion,  Zion. 

120.  When  another  s  follows. 
120b.  Cease,  sauce,  society. 

121.  When  .y  or  ^  follows  an  initial  vowel. 

121b.  Assignee,  ask,  Isaac,  Eskimo,  essence,  assail,  asp, 
acid,  Azie. 

122.  The  sound  of  s  at  the  beginning  of   a 
word,  or  after  an  initial  Iss,  is  represented  by  a 
Z-stroke. 

122b.     Zeal,  Zoar,  zany,  seize,  Caesar,  scissors,  size. 

123.  Derivative  Outlines  follow  the  rules  gov- 
erning primatives.  Carefully  note  the  rules  gov- 
erning the  different  outlines  of  the  following  words : 

123b.  See,  sees,  seize;  sigh,  sighs,  size;  cease,  seize; 
seal,  zeal ;  saucer,  Caesar,  scissors. 

124.  Initial  Ses  is  used  for  two  .s-sounds. 
124b.     System,  Sussex,  sassafras,  Cicero,  saucer. 

125.  The  sound  of  s  or  a,  preceding  a  final 
vowel,  or  preceded  by  two  vowels,  should  be  denoted 
by  a  stroke. 

125b.  Rose,  rosy;  days,  daisy;  mace,  Macey;  fox, 
foxy;  Dix,  Dixie.    Pious,  chaos,  Jewess. 

126.  Use  the  Small  Circle,  for  a  single  s  or  ^, 
in  all  cases  where  the  .s  or  ^:  stroke  is  not  required 
under  above  rules,  unless  a  loop  may  be  used. 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL  49 


118b.  IaL^Ha 

T   f  't 

119b.     .fr:' Jr_  ^ 


120b.      ^^ 


121b.   :-^_.^__^:j]L^._-L---)r.._v_v-)rT_ 

122b.  ±.;)^..l1^:^.2-^-L.-. 


123b. 


125b.    ^4  (;.L_._'!)_4_-^-._^'iT)- 

-^t 

126b.   rt'F  r-r-f^.^  ^  ^  ^^_/q-..^.. 
^.-^..rDLk.LLL^.^' 


-/- 


50  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

126b.  Space,  steps,  stirrups;  sage,  stage,  storage;  lace, 
laces,  laced,  luster,  Lucy ;  mace,  mast,  master,  Macey ;  dose, 
dust,  duster,  daisy;  rose,  rosy. 

DIFFERENT   MODES   OF   EXPRESSING   H. 

127.  H  may  he  represented  by  either  of  three 
devices,  preferably  in  the  order  here  given,  where 
practicable,  (a).  By  a  tick  in  the  direction  of 
Pee  or  Ar — or  downward,  leaning  to  the  left,  if 
more  convenient — joined  to  a  following  stroke, 
(b).  By  a  dot  written  near  a  vowel,  where  the 
ticic  cannot  be  conveniently  used.  (c).  By  a  light 
straight  stroke,  downward,  leaning  to  the  left,  and 
named  Hay. 

128.  Initial  h  should  be  joined  to  a  following 
consonant,  by  a  tick,  where  practicable. 

128b.  Hawk,  hook,  hack,  head,  hot,  hat,  hoop,  hip, 
hop,  hedge,  whey,  huge,  hall,  heal,  horse,  hush,  hoof,  heavy. 

129.  Before  a  vozvel  between  consonants,  h 
may  be  indicated  by  placing  a  light  dot  before  the 
vowel. 

129b.    Inhale,  exhale,  exhume,  cohere,  unhung,  unhinge. 

130.  The  Hay-stroke  must  be  used  in  all  words 
(except  words  in  the  wordsign  lists  heretofore 
given)  in  which  h  is  the  only  consonant  of  the 
primitive,  and  in  proper  names  analogous  thereto. 

130b.  Hay. — Hay,  hays,  hay  making,  Hayes,  hue,  hew, 
hues,  hews,  Hugh,  Hugh's,  Hughes,  haw,  Hawes,  hoe,  hoes. 
Hoe's,  Ohio.    He,  who,  high,  how. 

131.  Words,  identical  in  sound  with  words 
above,  may  come  within  Rule  128  rather  than  130. 

131b,    Haze,  hazy — hays,  Hayes;  hoes — ^hose,  Hosey. 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL  51 


128b.  :'::.__^.^^xL:^^7.JJ.-cJ.j^. 
"...:...  j^.j^  A 

129b.     re,?:^-_^i--^   >i>v^ 


130b.    \U\\^\..._^  ^-\\\W\ 
^   V   V  V  \  /  '  / 


131b.      )  L^  \,  ;  \J  ^ 


131  Key.       _1C_  jC  __._,.  _0.. /;?/...  ^>^... 

.^..^...0-.).^-(...:...irr:.^.^....., 


52  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAXn    MANUAL 

DIFFERENT    MODES   OF   EXPRESSING    \V 
AND   Y. 

132a.  W  may  be  represented  by  one  of  three 
devices. — (a).  The  Way-stroke,  (b).  A  small 
half-circle,  opening  to  the  right,  and  called  Weh. 
(c).  A  small  half-circle,  opening  to  the  left,  and 
called  Wuh. 

Y  may  be  represented  by  one  of  three  devices. — 
(d).  A  curved  stroke,  light,  downward,  leaning  to 
the  left.  (e).  A  small  half-circle  opening  upward, 
called  Yeh.  (f),  A  small  half-circle  opening  down- 
ward, called  Yuh. 

The  Way-stroke  is  usually  employed  in  the  fol- 
lowing cases: 

133.  In  all  words,  except  ive,  in  which  zv  is  the 
only  consonant. 

133b.    Way,  woe,  woo,  Wye,  weigh,  Waugh. 

134.  When  initial  w  is  followed  by  s,  z,  f,  or  v. 
134b.    Wise,  wisp,  wasp,  wife,  wives,  woof,  wave. 

135.  Where  w  is  preceded  by  initial  h;  and  in 
such  case  the  h  may  be  omitted. 

13Sb.    Whist,   whisk,  whiz,  whistle,  whiskey,  whisper. 
(Note  that  the  phonetic  spellings  would  be  hwist,  hwisk, 
hwisper,  etc.) 

136.  When  initial  siv  are  the  only  consonants. 
136b.  Sway. 

137.  When  zv  follows  an  initial  vowel. 
137b.  Awake,  awoke,,  await. 

138.  When  w  may  be  joined  to  a  following 
sh,  f,  V,  n,  or  ng,  in  a  word  or  phrase. 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL  53 

132a.    Different  Modes  of  Expressing 
W  and  Y. 

I    ■v,    c  w,     )w:  named  /   Way,     c  Weh,     jWuh. 
^y,    ^  y,    ^  y:  named     \  Yay,    >.  Yeh,      Yuh. 

133b.  ,J..Lf.f__  (i![_ ..__. 

.34.  IfSfl^^ 

135b.  __C^_f__^T_^./^ 

136b.  /f 

137b.  .i_   .(L_  / 

138b.  ..^:.^.^_^..^.//._/, 
_(;;^(^_c_c  _c_^ ^ 

139b.  -.l.>}..:^,^,, 

140b.  .,3  >l^_ 

140 Key.  ..^/'..L.  ,.^.^.<.  W/.^. 


54  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

138b.  We  shall,  we  shall  be,  wash,  washing,  wish,  we 
have,  were  having,  wife,  weave,  wave,  we  follow,  we  know, 
we  never,  with  any,  wing,  swing,  swish. 

The   Yay-stroke   is   employed   in   the   following 
cases : 

139.  In  all  words,  except  you,  in  which  y  is  the 
only  consonant. 

139b.    Ye,  yea,  yaw,  yew,  ewe. 

140.  When  an  initial  vowel  precedes  y. 
140b.    Oyez,  oyer. 

Brief  W  and  Y. 

141.  Brief  W  may  be  joined  at  the  beginning 
of  a  consonant  stroke  at  an  angle. 

141b.  Watch,  web,  wedge,  withe,  wait,  walk,  wag, 
wake,  woke. 

142.  Brief  Y  may  be  joined  at  the  beginning  of 
a  consonant  stroke  at  an  angle. 

142b.     Yellow,  Yarrow,  youth,  yacht,  yon,  yam,  yoke, 

yegg. 

143.  Reading  Brief  W  or  Y  joined. — In  read- 
ing a  consonant  stroke,  with  a  Brief  W  or  Y  joined 
at  the  beginning,  read  first  the  zv  or  y;  and  next, 
the  consonant  stroke,  with  the  vowel  or  vowels  be- 
side it,  precisely  as  though  no  such  brief  were  joined. 
This  rule  applies  also  where  the  tc/-hook  is  used. 
(See  145.) 

143b.  Weed,  weep,  witch,  watch,  yell,  yacht,  yellow, 
Yarrow,  yoke,  yak,  yon,  yam,  yawl,  yore. 

144a.  Wordsigns. — Note  that  the  first  position 
briefs  are  used   in   connection  with   first  position 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 


55 


141b 
142b. 


.  .^././:J.l±.... 


143b.  __'_____:„^..'..^.^.. 


-..._jf:_^ 


144a.    Wordsigns:    Brief  W  and  Y. 


with 

...3  would 

beyond 

.'^^oorsclves 


wc 

year 

^..you-r 
'arT.ycs,  sir. 


.  c.wcre 

years 

./».. yours,  yes 


what 

.-^..yet 
/tCT.  .yourself 


t' 


144  Key. 


T' 


11. 


56  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

vowels,   and   second   position   briefs   in   connection 
with  second  or  third  position  vowels. 

145.  The  Way-Hook.— A  small  hook,  called 
the  Way-hook,  prefixed  to  El,  Em,  or  Emp,  may  be 
used  to  represent  iv,  denoting  zve,  zvith,  or  zverc; 
and  in  other  cases  where  brevity  may  be  secured 
thereby. 

145b.  We  will,  we  may,  we  may  be,  we  may  be  going, 
with  me,  with  my,  were  making,  were  improving ;  while, 
well,  quell,  quail,  we  like,  were  looking. 

Note. — Using  this  hook  for  tve,  li'ith,  the  phrase  must 
be  in  the  first  position ;  and,  using  the  hook  for  were,  the 
phrase  must  be  in  the  second  position. 

These  devices  are  named  Weh-El,  Weh-Em,  Weh-Emp. 

146.  A  Small  Circle  may  be  prefixed  to  a  Brief 
W  or  IV-hook,  by  writing  the  circle  w^ithin  the 
brief  or  hook.  For  greater  facility  this  circle  is 
made  in  the  form  of  a  loop.  Writing  the  circle 
within  a  hook,  the  initial  movement  should  be  ap- 
proximately in  the  initial  direction  given  the  stroke 
to  which  the  circle  and  hook  are  prefixed. 

146b.  Sweet,  Swede,  sweep,  switch,  swig,  swag,  swell, 
swim,  swamp. 

147.  IV  in  Word  and  Phrase  Outlines. — In  the 
Wordsign  List,  144a,  we,  tenth,  were,  are  given  brief 
signs;  paragraph  145  provides  for  the  representa- 
tion of  these  words  by  a  hook ;  but,  where  the  hook 
or  brief  is  not  more  convenient  for  that  purpose. 
Way  should  be  used  to  represent  we,  with,  zvere ;  and 
in  word  outlines.  Way  should  be  used  if  more  facile 
outlines  may  thereby  be  secured  than  by  the  use  of 
the  brief. 

147b.  We,  with,  were.— (a).  Represented  by  the  list 
signs  : — We,  we  do.  we  had,  we  judge,  we  check  up,  we  wish, 


CHALLENGE  SHORTHAND   MANUAL 


57 


145b. 


146b. 
147b. 


i-^ 


llz^-_..^ 


■t 


C C^.^C^/gZ.LO..yC.:. 


c- 


CT:..C:.C^..9^a-S-^-U- 


147  Key 


•  -:L..^.,I 


r.j..^...)^.^..,..i^^.,.e^,.lLL.j... 


.^.^ 


__-:._> — <:_  J- 5  /., 


58  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

we  become,  we  take,  we  took,  were  taking,  were  talking, 
were  doing,  were  aiding,  were  paying,  (b).  Represented 
by  hook: — (see  145b).  (c).  Represented  by  Way: — We 
shall,  we  show,  we  shall  be,  we  know,  we  never,  we  next, 
with  any,  were  showing,  were  knowing,  we  come,  we  go, 
were  coming,  were  going,  were  never,  were  knowing, 
(d).  We  also  use  Way  in  the  following  and  similar 
cases : — We  have,  wife,  weave,  we  fear,  we  follow,  weaver, 
waiver;  wash,  washing,  wish,  wishing,  winnow,  winnowing, 
Winona,  with  force,  we  forced,  were  forced,  were  fearing, 
were  following,  were  averse. 


^  BRIEF  W  AND  Y   IN  VOWEL  PLACE. 

Where  foregoing  methods  of  indicating  zv  and  y 
are  impracticable,  it  is  occasionally  desirable  to 
write  the  brief  in  a  vowel  place  beside  a  stroke,  thus 
indicating  by  one  character  the  w  or  y  and  the 
vowel  following  it. 

148.  The  Particular  Dot  Voivel  follozving  the  w 
may  be  indicated  by  writing  Weh  in  the  vowel's 
place,  making  the  sign  heavy  for  a  long  vowel,  and 
light  for  a  short  vowel. 

148b.     Equity,  quick,  squeeze,  quake,  dwell,  quack. 

149.  The  Particular  Dash  Vowel  following  the 
w  may  be  indicated  by  writing  Wuh  in  the  vowel's 
place,  making  the  sign  heavy  for  a  long  vowel,  and 
light  for  a  short  vowel. 

149b.     Quota,  quoth,  squawk,  squab. 

150.  Rules  148  and  149  apply  to  the  use  of 
Brief  Y  in  voivel  place — using  Yeh  to  represent  fol- 
lowing Dot  vowels  and  Yuh  to  represent  following 
Dash  vowels. 

150b.     Sawyer,  lawyer,  emulous,  cumulus. 


CHALXENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL  59 


148b.  .n.fZT  '    [^ 

149b.  .3..3[..Lr-_.!? 


150b. 


151b.  .^.  _^..  _<rr.__Tr..^...T...'::^_:... 

152b.       <^  .i'._^..^.^_  /_J  J.  Jl.r^.^- 

153b.    .^_.^.  ^.^..^..^..^..^..,^_L  l-.^- 
153  Key.      ..^_J..|.,...^.  J7:y/.^.._J../.. 


60  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

151.  Way  Stroke,  or  Brief  zc  or  y,  Suggesting 
a  Following  Vowel. — The  experienced  stenographer 
omits  vowels,  except  in  rare  instances,  and  identifies 
words  by  position  and  context ;  and,  in  a  compara- 
tively few  instances,  it  is  better  to  use  a  Way  stroke, 
or  hook,  or  a  Brief  W  or  Y  joined,  where  foregoing 
rules  permit  a  disjoined  brief. 

ISlb.  Swell,  quell,  quail,  quash,  squash,  quest,  qualm, 
squaw,  squall,  bibulous,  emulous,  cumulus. 

152.  When  a  Vou'el  Immediately  Follozcs  An- 
other, an  intermediate  sound  is  usually  produced,  in 
pronunciation,  unless  a  distinct  pause  is  made  after 
the  first  vowel.  This  sound  is,  approximately  or 
perfectly,  in  diflferent  combinations,  the  sound  of 
w  or  y;  and  no  confusion,  but  considerable  gain,  is 
found  to  result  from  the  employment  of  a  W  stroke 
or  Brief  W  or  Y  to  suggest  the  two  vowels. 

152b.  Snowy,  doughy,  Noah,  Bowie,  buoy,  boa,  Dewey, 
dewy,  India,  Candia,  folio,  barrier,  carrier,  odious,  various, 
furious,  envious,  obvious,  Emporia,  ammonia,  Idaho. 

153.  The  Diphthong  eu  (as  in  lieu,  etc.)  may 
be  denoted  by  its  proper  sign  or  by  Yeh  or  Yuh, 
giving  preference  to  the  sign  most  conveniently 
joined. 

153b.  Lieu,  cue,  ague,  Jew,  pew,  view,  few,  mew, 
imbue,    due,  dew,  Europe,  euphony,  unite,  unify,  pure. 

HOOKS   FOR  F,  V,  AND   N. 

154.  F,  V,  or  n  may  be  added  to  straight  line 
consonants  by  a  small  final  hook — written  for  /  or 
V  on  the  circle  side,  and  for  n  on  the  opposite  side. 

154b.  Rough,  run,  deaf,  den,  tough,  ton,  buff,  bun, 
pufif,  pun,  cuff,  cone,  rave,  stave,  pave,  Dave,  gave. 


CHALLKNGF.    SHORTHAXD    MANUAL 


61 


../^..j,.|...|„.?^-.J/.«f.._:.^.A_^...iL 


,...L:rt,S 


.^...YM.....^.. 


x: 


.^.-:f..r^.:d.,. 


/ / qJ^L 


./....-.,^L.yU-^.^^..C...4..^...L4,. 


■t 


154b.       ^  ^     I    J-    U'/>  i/y  _j 

f  /  t  -^ 


62  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

155.  A^  may  be  added  to  any  curve  consonant 
by  a  small  hook  on  the  inner  or  circle  side. 

lS5b.  Line,  lane,  shine,  shone,  wane,  Jane,  chain,  fine, 
vine,  thin,  then,  assign,  mine,  moon,  noon,  impugn. 

156.  F  or  V  may  be  denoted  by  a  small  hook  on 
the  inner  or  circle  side  of  a  curve,  to  add  have,  or 
the  affix  -ful,  to  a  very  common  word,  and  this  hook 
is  slightly  lengthened. 

156b.     They  have,  thankful,  useful. 

157.  Vocalisation  of  Final  Hooks. — A  vowel, 
after  a  stroke  with  a  final  hook,  is  read  before  the 
hook.     This  is  fully  exemplified  in  154b  and  155b. 

158.  A  Stroke  F,  V,  or  N  must  be  employed 
when  followed  by  a  vowel  which  cannot  be  written 
before  a  following  stroke. 

158b.  Line,  Lena;  shine,  shiny;  wine,  winnow:  join, 
China ;  fin,  finny ;  vine,  Venice ;  assign ;  assignee ;  mane, 
many.  Before  a  following  stroke: — donate,  devote,  ton- 
nage, defense. 

Iss,  Ses,  Steh,  Star,  added. 

159.  A  circle  or  loop  may  be  added  to  a 
straight-line  n-hook  sign,  by  writing  such  circle  or 
loop  in  place  of  the  n-hook. 

159b.  Can,  cans,  Kansas,  canister,  dens,  danced, 
dances,  guns,  against,  gun  store,  punster. 

160.  S  or  s  may  be  added  to  the  Enses-circle 
and  to  the  loops,  by  a  small  circle  turned  on  the 
opposite  side  of  the  stroke. 

160b.    Down  stairs,  punsters,  canisters. 

161.  Caution. — As  has  been  stated,  circles  be- 
tween strokes  may  sometimes  take  the  form  of 
loops;  yet,  in  the  following  illustrations  they  are 


CHALT.KNGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL  63 


155b.   .r..-n.7^..^..J..f..(:_Ay^}.A:'^.. 


156b.    _Lf.__y 


158b.  .£,ciri  ^^/^..  .C^. .  fl^:  ^..  l^. y.X 


/.:^...^  .-^//..^^jn^-.-.lX  Jr.-U 


-;fc- 


64  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

simple  circles,  not  to  be  read  as  loops,  and  not  to 
be  read  as  implying  ;/  following  the  first  stroke. 

161b.  Bask,  poser,  possessor,  desire,  dislike,  dislocate, 
desk,  puzzle. 

162.  S  or  c  may  be  added  to  an  ;/-hook  on  a 
curve,  or  to  any  /-  or  z'-hook,  by  a  small  circle  writ- 
ten distinctly  within  the  hook. 

162b.  Lines,  shines,  vines,  fans,  thence,  thins,  assigns. 
whence,  wines,  joins.  Jones,  man's,  nuns,  roofs,  puffs, 
paves,  tiffs,  Dave's,  caves,  raves. 

163.  Certain  outlines,  authorized  under  Rule 
162,  require  change  of  outline  for  a  derivative ;  and, 
as  a  general  rule,  words  of  two  syllables  should  be 
written  with  two  strokes,  though  seemingly  per- 
mitting the  Ens-hook  under  Rule  162. 

163b.  Lance,  lances ;  chance,  chances ;  wince,  winces ; 
alliance,  evince,  convince. 

164.  F  and  N-Hooks  are  occasionally  written 
in  the  middle  of  words. 

164b.  Runner,  rover,  ginner,  buffer,  cover,  tougher, 
defer,  thinner,  mainly,  define,  divine,  device,  advice,  advise, 
Davis. 

Note  the  necessarily  imperfect  hook  in  writing  mainly. 

165.  An  Important  Rule  of  Position. — In  the 
list  of  illustrative  words  last  above  given  (164b), 
certain  of  the  shorthand  outlines  are  out  of  the  posi- 
tion assigned  them  under  previous  rules,  because, 
in  true  position,  one  would  not  be  distinguishable 
from  another  of  like  outline.  In  such  cases,  position 
is  assigned  with  reference  to  the  unaccented  vowel. 

165b.    Divine,  define;  device,  advice;  devise,  advise. 

166.  Names  of  F-  V-  N-Hook  Cro »/».?. —The 
name  of  a  consonant  group  should  include  the  con- 


CHAI.LKXGE    SHORTHAND    MAXUAL  65 


161b.  .^  ./':.^i:J'...._^.C!.J_.ve_... 

162b.  .^  ^  ^' J     t.  ^    ^  ^    ^'\' 

-^,.JJ'Jl..\   .^..^ 

163b.  _^^  .^.v-_q../_../^ ...  _.^__.'^_^..."rf-_ 

164b.  ../^.^_..^./^._^.Jtr...b-^: 

165b.   ''^^  !;>--  I)  ,   k  I 


166b. 


-^..L....,..(.^../..n....^.....^..i.A. 


66  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

sonant  sounds,  with  the  vowel  eh  following  the 
stroke-sound,  and  said  vowel  also  used  in  a  second 
syllable,  if  necessary.  A  few  type  indications  and 
names  are  given  in  the  illustrative  paragraph  here 
following.  Note  that  th  stands  for  the  consonant 
sound  in  thigh,  and  dh  for  the  consonant  sound  in 
thou. 

166b.  Tf,  Tef ;  tfs,  Tefs;  thn.  Then  (as  in  thin)  ;  dhm. 
Dhen  (as  in  then);  kn,  Ken;  kns,  Kens;  knss,  Kenses; 
knst,  Kenst ;  knstr,  Kenster ;  knstrs,  Kensters. 

SHON  AND  TIV  HOOKS. 

167.  The  syllable  shon  (tion,  sion,  etc.)  may  be 
added  to  any  consonant  stroke  by  a  large  final  hook 
on  the  circle  side. 

167b.  Erosion,  compulsion,  passion,  tuition,  intuition, 
session,  fashion,  evasion,  conviction,  confection,  motion, 
mansion,  sanction. 

168.  The  syllable  tiv  (five)  may  be  added  to 
any  straight  stroke  by  a  large  final  hook  on  the  ;/- 
hook  side. 

168b.  Comparative,  combative,  dative,  active,  consecu- 
tive. Execution,  executive ;  action,  active ;  vocation,  voca- 
tive; sedition,  sedative. 

169.  Tiv,  folloiving  a  cxtrve,  must  be  written 
Tef. 

169b.    Native,  motive,  votive. 

170.  S  or  s  may  be  added  to  the  Shon-  or  Tiv- 
hook  by  a  small  circle  written  within  the  hook. 

170b.     Comparatives,    actions,    conditions,    sedatives. 

171.  Shon  and  Tiv  in  the  Middle  of  Words. — 
These  hooks  are  sometimes  used  in  the  middle  of 
words. 


CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 


67 


167b.  .^../:^./..L^.A.j-d-^-^.  A,..^. 


-I: 


"«_i) 


168b.  .  /:oy  -J' 


.•■'^^.  /   n  ->-.TT-'^Ti» 


169b. 

170  Key.  _^?b^_.['..i^r^.^.,,.^..LD^ 

..^...!..^-^.-/-._...'::^...b..-Z 


/- 


V 


.  /     ^ 


7 


^ 


../...- 


/-"f---/?— -n-i 


1 


/-i:>-^-'^---- 
^     ^ 


-<0- 


1l-.^...7-'::-^-i- 


..^.4-. 


p--^/--- 


68  CHALLKXCK   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

171b.  Occasional,  occasionally,  national,  nationally, 
passionate,  activity,  actively,  comparatively. 

Note. — A  Vozvcl  after  Shon  or  Tiv  must  be  written 
before  a  following  stroke.     This  is  illustrated  in   171b. 

Small  Hook  for  Shon. 

172.  The  syllable  shon  may  be  added  by  a  small 
curve  or  half-circle,  named  Eshoii,  (a)  To  a  circle 
or  loop;  and  (b)  To  an  /-hook. 

172b.  (a).  Possession,  compensation,  condensation, 
sensation,  musician,  recision,  decision,  registration,  (b). 
Division,  devotion. 

WORDSIGN    AND    CONTRACTION    LISTS 
POSTPONED. 

173.  The  complete  lists  of  wordsigns  and  con- 
tractions, hereafter  given,  should  be  mastered  by 
every  student  who  is  willing  to  do  the  work  re- 
quired of  a  stenographer ;  but  such  work  may  be 
undertaken  when  the  full  lists  are  reached,  and 
even  after  the  student  may  have  obtained  employ- 
ment. Outlines  from  these  lists  will  be  used  in 
Key  work  hereafter,  to  the  end  of  the  text,  and 
until  then,  paragraph  references  to  wordsigns  and 
contractions  will  simply  call  the  student's  attention 
to  the  fact  that  some  of  such  outlines  are  being  in- 
troduced, based  on  preceding  text  matter. 

L  AND  R   HOOKS. 

174.  A  Small  Hook  on  the  circle  side  and  at 
the  beginning  of  any  stroke  or  tick  indicates  that  / 
follows  the  stroke  or  tick. 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 


69 


171b. 


-^-^^-T^ 


-^-I^^ 


172b.  /^J/  J-    I 


^ 


-^, 


L 


L_ 


172  Key.   .^^.^_^,.r_-^._^-^_^.   /^_. 


■•? 


„_^./..^, 


|. 


^ 


l'^ 


I 


J 


i/ 


4- 


3" 


.„L./^_/.. 


-^..zx..^_.l/..lu.4,  ^._^..r:z_ 


™..-f/-^_.^.^-i/_/_^-.-)..u--).-C-l/1 


./..,.J..uj/."r:_°?...'-„^-^_:^4/ 


'/ 


70  CHALLENGE  SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

174b.  U  Lei;  rl,  Rel;  shl.  Shel;  wl,  Wei;  chl,  Chel ; 
jl,  Jel;  pi,  Pel;  bl.  Bel;  fl,  Fel ;  vl.  Vel;  thl,  Thel ;  dhl, 
Dhel ;  tl,  Tel ;  dl,  Del ;  si,  Sel ;  zl,  Zel ;  ml,  Mel ;  nl,  Nel ; 
ngl.  Ingl ;  mpl,  Empl. 

175.  The  Small  Initial  Hook  on  I,  ni,  mp,  ac- 
cording to  Rule  145.  denotes  zv  before  such  strokes, 
in  certain  cases ;  and  Rule  174  provides  the  same 
outlines  for  Lei,  Mel,  Empl.  The  few  words,  in 
which  differences  of  outline  avoid  confusion,  are 
more  easily  remembered  than  intricate  rules  would 
be ;  and  there  will  be  no  conflict  or  confusion. 

175b.  Well,  lull;  quell,  quail,  Galilee.  We  may  see 
the  mill.  They  were  making  a  mile  an  hour.  This  has  a 
smell  of  the  swamp  soil.    They  swim  with  a  smile. 

176.  Signs  to  indicate  the  combination  of  r  with 
preceding  straight  strokes  are  obtained  by  turning 
over,  sidewise,  the  corresponding  /-hook  signs. 

176b.  Rer,  Per,  Ber,  Ker,  Ger.  Play,  pray,  acre,  clay, 
eagle,  eager,  idle,  dry. 

177.  Signs  to  indicate  the  combination  of  r  zcith 
preceding  curved  strokes  are  obtained  by  writing  a 
large  hook  in  place  of  the  /-hook. 

177b.  Cher.  Jer,  Per,  Ver.  Ther.  Dher.  Mer,  Ner. 
Fresh,  every,  through,  author.  Cameron,  camera,  commerce, 
crusher.  The  following  outlines  are  best  this  way :  tin, 
tinner,  banner,  tanner ;  and  others  this  way :  run.  runner, 
ginner,  liner,  beginner,  canner;  and  others  this  way:  even, 
evener,  veneer,  finer,  finery. 

178.  An  L-  or  R-hook  Group  may  he  joined  to 
a  preceding  letter,  and  in  some  such  cases  the  hook 
cannot  be  perfectly  formed. 

178b.    Reply,  replace,  liable,  baker,  dicker,  figure. 

179.  The  L-  and  R-hook  Signs  are  used  prin- 
cipally where  an  unaccented  vowel  intervenes,  or 


CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL  71 

174b.     ^  ^^  ^^  ^  c  r  r  r  r  c  /"  r 

//  7y^  ;>  ;>  c  c  cc  r  rr  r  9  n)  _  _ 


175b.     ^  ^     y-   _^^         >^'/       ^ 


176b.    .^..l±.^..^/AJ:..^. 


177b.  rr 9 odQ  <r.  ^/2^j?:^l_.. 


"f  r 

--/- 

177b.  rry: 

178b.  .r/^_^.._^./-.b.^ 


178  Key.        ^ 


^--"'''^■-Z;— /- 


:..^^._^._n_r^-i^.:.^..^.V  ^;A-i 


72  CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

no  vowel  intervenes,  between  the  I  or  r  and  the 
other  consonant  of  the  group. 

179b.  Clay,  flay,  fly,  fry,  pry,  eager,  eagle,  apple,  Bible, 
table,  taper,  deeply,  deeper,  evil,  novel,  fever,  baker. 

VOCALIZATION   OF  L  AND  R   HOOK 
SIGNS. 

180.  A  vowel,  written  beside  an  /-  or  r-hook 
sign,  should  not  be  read  between  the  two  consonants, 
but  before  or  after  both,  as  it  is  written  before  or 
after  such  sign. 

180b.  Apply,  ply,  apple,  idle,  idly,  evil,  through,  either, 
acre,  crow. 

181.  It  is  advantageous  to  use  /-  and  r-hook 
signs,  at  times,  even  when  there  occurs  between  the 
consonants  a  clear,  accented  vowel ;  and  in  such 
cases  the  vowel  may  be  written  so  as  to  be  read 
between  the  consonants,  by  the  following  rules: 

182.  Dot-vozvels  are  changed  to  minute  circles, 

and  written  before  the  group  sign  if  the  vowel  is 

long;  after  the  group  sign  if  the  vowel  is  short. 

182b.  Near,  mere,  dear,  cheer,  chair,  fell,  tell,  kneel, 
nail,  knell. 

183.  Dot-vozvel  circles  may  be  written  either 
side  of  the  group  sign  when  Rule  182  cannot  be 
conveniently  applied. 

183b.     Pioneer,  atmosphere,  hemisphere. 

184.  Vowel-dashes  are  written  through  the 
group  sign. 

184b.  Course,  portray,  fool,  corroboration,  corn,  cor- 
nea, corner. 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL  7i 


179b.  _  j^-________._!r:/> 


-:^.£k-. 


179  Key.    ^-^. 


p  y 


180b   A  t  T  :;>  c 

182b.  _!r_r_J_.'^r.iJ__':-.-.-c^. 

183b.  j^  |___  t^__   

.1 — tfj. 

184b.  c^  I  ^_'_i: _':r: 

185b. i 7-^___.^_r:f 


74  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

185.  Angles  or  semicircles  are  written  through 
the  group  signs ;  or,  if  more  convenient,  for  the  first 
place,  at  the  beginning;  for  the  third  place,  at  the 
end. 

185b.  Require,  quality,  qualify,  procure,  cure,  curious, 
curiosity. 

ISS    PREFIXED   TO    L    HOOK    SIGN. 

186.  The  Small  circle,  Iss,  may  be  prefixed  to 
an  El-hook  sign  by  writing  same  within  the  hook. 
The  circle  is  written  in  the  form  of  a  loop,  for 
greater  facility,  the  initial  movement  being  approxi- 
mately in  the  direction  given  to  the  stroke. 

186b.  Skill,  scale,  school,  saddle,  settle,  sickle,  civil, 
social. 

CIRCLES    PREFIXED    TO    R    HOOK    SIGN. 

187.  Iss  or  Ses,  written  in  place  of  an  r-hook, 
implies  the  r-hook  in  the  following  cases: — (a). 
When  written  to  any  straight  line  preceded  by  no 
stroke,  (b).  When  written  to  any  straight  line 
preceded  by  a  straight  line  in  the  same  direction, 
(c).  When  written  to  Ker  or  Ger  preceded  by  a 
stroke  in  the  direction  of  Pee,  Tee,  or  Way. 

187b.  (a).  Seeker,  score,  supper,  segregate,  sister, 
(b).  Prosper,  destroy,  execrable,  disaster.  (c).  Tusker, 
brisker,  whisker. 

188.  In  all  other  cases,  except  where  the  hook 
may  be  omitted,  as  hereinafter  shown,  the  Iss-circle 
is  prefixed  by  writing  it  distinctly  within  the  hook. 

188b.  Massacre,  atmosphere,  restrain,  hemisphere, 
disclami. 


CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND   MANUAL 


186b.  .^«^. _ . f. :r._t:.:^- ei-- 

187b.  (^_-":_.:_.'Tii..y(^/:.irz. 

188b.  _^_,^_._i  .^...'T^^l.'h: 


^^.,.^c..i.2-,/.^^^::x^^ 


191b.  .<^._^../'7.-r..i c_^ c_  c-.-.- 


193b.  .fr.c:^  p...'li_._ 


76  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

189.  Omit  r  from  scribe,  in  words  given  below. 

189b.  Subscribe,  subscription,  prescribe,  prescription, 
proscribe,  proscription,  superscribe,  superscription,  tran- 
scribe, transcription. 

190.  Wordsigns  and  Contractions. 

LER  AND   REL  HOOKS. 

191.  The  L-  or  R-Hook,  on  a  straight  line,  may 
be  enlarged,  to  add  to  an  /-hook  the  sound  of  r;  to 
an  r-hook  the  sound  of  /.  The  enlarged  /-hook  is 
called  the  Ler  hook,  and  the  enlarged  r-hook  is 
called  the  Rel  hook,  but  named  in  connection  with 
strokes,  as  follows : 

191b.  Reler,  Rerel,  Pier,  Prel,  Tier,  Trel,  Kler,  Krel, 
Gler,  Grel. 

Vocalization  of  Ler  and  Rel  Signs. 

192.  (a),  A  vowel  is  read  before  all  the  con- 
sonants indicated  by  a  Rel  or  Ler  hook  sign,  if 
w^ritten  before  the  stroke,  (b).  If  written  after 
the  stroke,  it  is  read  before  the  r  or  I  added  by  the 
enlargement,  and  after  the  preceding  consonants, 
(c).  To  be  read  between  the  stroke  and  the  first 
consonant  (r  or  /)  following  the  stroke,  it  is  gov- 
erned by  Rules  181-185,  as  though  no  large-hook 
sound  followed. 

192b.  (a).  April,  abler,  idler,  (b).  Trail,  trial,  grill, 
(c).  Railroad,  ruler,  rural,  ocular,  jocular. 

193.  5"  preceding  Ler  and  Rel  Hook  Signs. — 
S  may  be  prefixed  to  a  Ler  or  Rel  hook  sign  by  writ- 
ing a  circle  within  the  hook. 

193b.     Scholar,  secular,  saddler,  stroll,  mistrial. 
194a.     Wordsigns  and  Contractions. 


CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL  11 


193Key.      „:^.-rr| ^..,  ^p_.^._^. A.:-,^ 

-/ ^-  —  Y  c^  yy- — /-  - 


78  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

LENGTHENING    STROKES. 

195.  Doubling  the  length  of  Ing  adds  kr,  gr, 
thr,  or  dhr;  and  doubling  the  length  of  Emb-Emp 
adds  r,  or  dhr. 

195b.  Anchor,  anger,  tinker,  hunger,  linger,  longer, 
along  there,  hang  there,  handkerchief.  Timber,  temper, 
lumber,  limber,  slumber,  umber,  may  be  there. 

196.  Doubling  the  length  of  any  other  curve 

adds  tr,  dr,  thr,  or  dhr. 

196b.  Letter,  lay  there,  shutter,  shall  there,  water, 
each  other,  which  other,  fetter,  feeder,  feather,  have  their, 
theater,  the  other,  see  their,  see  there,  is  there,  was  there, 
has  there,  in  there,  know  their,  may  there,  another,  no 
other. 

197.  Reading  Lengthened  Signs.  —  Sounds 
added  by  lengthening  a  stroke  should  be  read:  (a). 
After  a  vowel  following  the  stroke,  (b).  After  the 
sound  of  a  small  final  hook,  if  any.  (c).  Before 
any  sound  expressed  by  a  final  circle,  loop,  or  large 
hook. 

197b.  (a).  Later,  fetter,  motor,  shutter,  lighter,  (b). 
Lender,  winter,  jointer,  asunder,  mender,  (c).  Lenders, 
winters,  menders,  fenders,  rejoinders,  alteration,  ahera- 
tions,  alliteration,  moderation,  motorist. 

198.  From  Rule  197  it  follows  that  a  vowel, 
following  a  consonant  or  consonants  which  m.ay  be 
denoted  by  lengthening:  (a).  Must  be  omitted, 
(b).  Written  before  a  following  stroke;  or  (c).  A 
consonant  outline  must  be  used,  furnishing  a  stroke 
by  which  such  vowel  may  be  indicated. 

198b.  (a).  Alteration,  filtration,  moderation,  allitera- 
tion, (b).  Excentric,  concentric.  (c).  Angry,  hungry, 
ultra. 


CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 


195b. 


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196b. 


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197b.  ^ 


^./r./.fWyr. 


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198b.  ^ 

198  Key.    |.  ._..^,.-^ 


V 


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C^ 


J 


.c.'rr.i. 


80  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

199.  Position  of  Lengthened  Strokes. — Regard 
the  first  half  as  a  distinct  sign,  and  place  this  half 
in  its  proper  position. 

199b.  Leader,  letter,  ladder,  fitter,  fetter,  fatter,  raster, 
may  there,  madder. 

200.  Straight  Strokes  Lengthened. — A  straight 
stroke  or  curve,  representing  in  whole  or  in  part  a 
word  of  frequent  use,  may  be  lengthened  to  add 
their,  there,  they  are,  or  other.  A  heavy  straight 
stroke,  so  lengthened,  should  begin  heavy,  and  taper. 

200b.  Lay  there,  which  they  are,  each  other,  by  their, 
do  their,  down  there,  up  there,  go  there,  gone  there,  writer, 
rather,  any  other,  another,  no  other,  none  other,  come 
there. 

201.  A  Straight  Stroke  may  be  Lengthened  to 
add  tr,  dr,  thr,  or  dhr,  when  the  outline  so  formed 
is  distinctive. 

201b.  Renter,  render,  painter,  printer,  typewriter, 
brander,  bender,  tender,  counter,  grantor,  grounder, 
grinder,  educator,  operator,  factor,  victor. 

202a,     Wordsigns  and  Contractions. 

HALVING  TO  ADD  T  OR  D. 

203.  Any  full  length  stroke  may  be  made  half 
length  to  add  t  or  d. 

203b.  Names:— Let,  Ret,  Shet,  Pet,  Bet,  Chet,  Jet, 
Fet,  Vet,  Ket,  Get,  Met,  Net,  Set,  Zet,  Thet,  Dhet. 

204.  Em  or  En,  made  half-length,  may  be 
shaded  to  indicate  that  d  is  added,  or  written  light 
to  indicate  that  t  is  added.  No  confusion  results 
from  the  fact  that  these  shaded  half-lengths  are  the 
same,   respectively,  as  half-length   Emp   and   Ing. 


CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 


81 


199b. 
200b. 

201b.      ^ 
202  Key. 


^-e>-^: 


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C 


y- 


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■c^-"-^-^S-r/i 


82  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

In  practice,  where  /  or  d  follows  nip,  the  widening 
is  omitted,  because  the  sound  of  p  becomes  indis- 
tinct;  no  occasion  arises  to  half-length  nib;  and  d, 
following  ng,  is  indicated  by  a  (f-stroke. 

204b.  Met,  Med,  Net,  Ned;  tramped,  pumped,  prompt; 
imbued ;  tongued,  hanged,  winged. 

Reading  and  Vocalization  of  Half-Lengths. 

205.  Read  a  shortened  letter,  with  vowel  or 
vowels  beside  it,  and  with  hooks,  if  any,  precisely 
as  though  it  were  a  full  length  sign;  then  add  the 
sound  denoted  by  halving,  and  then  the  sound  of 
any  final  circle  or  loop. 

205b.  Slant,  slants,  split,  splits,  beat,  beats,  spends, 
ancient,  impatient,  impassioned,  late,  latest,  modest,  kindest. 

206.  The  rules  of  Challenge  Shorthand,  by 
which  an  f,  v,  or  n,  denoted  by  a  hook,  must  be 
read  before  the  sounds  added  by  lengthening,  as 
well  as  before  the  sound  added  by  halving,  thus  pro- 
vide logical  forms  for  derivatives. 

206b.  Print,  printer;  plant,  planter;  lend,  lender;  join, 
joined,  joinder;  wind,  winder;  find,  finder;  vend,  vendor; 
tend,  tender ;  mend,  mender. 

207.  When  a  vowel  occurs  after  t  or  d:  (z).  It 
must  be  omitted,  if  the  ^  or  rf  is  expressed  by  halv- 
ing, or  (b).  Written  before  a  following  stroke. 

207b.  (a).  Anticipate,  participate.  (b).  Frighten, 
catalog. 

208.  When  t  or  d  precedes  a  final  vozvel,  it 
must  be  indicated  by  Tee  or  Dee. 

208b.     Gidy,  duty,  shady,  shadow,  meadow,  handy. 


CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 


83 


203b. 
204b. 
205b. 
206b. 


6-'-  i-'- 

^r 


:   ^  ^  ^  1 1  rr  ^  > ^  ._ )  >  ( ( 

a^    -S>     O '^  1^ 


207b.  ._^_J^J/,^.-?^. 

n 


208b. 
208  Key 


-^--i'-^'-i- 


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O  >y 


AT. 


2i 


'J 


84  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAXD    MANUAL 

JOINING    HALF-LEXGTHS. 

209.  A  shortened  letter  must  not  be  joined  to 
another  stroke  except  when  it  would  be  easy  (by 
reference  to  junction,  width,  length,  curvature,  or 
some  other  particular)  to  distinguish  the  joined 
signs  from  any  other  letter  or  letters. 

209b.  Midnight,  sentiment,  named,  say  that,  lived, 
loved.     Lattice,  latticed,  lifted,  miffed,  moved. 

T   OR   D   FINAL. 

210.  When  t  or  d  is  final,  in  words  of  but  two 
consonants,  if  the  word  is  of  one  syllable,  /  should 
be  denoted  by  halving,  and  d  by  the  Dee  stroke. 

210b.    Let,  laid,  load,  get,  guide,  right,  read,  ride. 

211.  A  few  words  in  frequent  use  are  written 
without  regard  to  this  rule. 

211b.  Deed,  bead,  paid,  bed,  God — and  a  few  others, 
with  which  the  Key  exercises,  and  practice  therein,  will 
rnake  the  student  familiar. 

212.  When  t  or  d  is  final,  in  words  of  but  tw'O 
consonants,  if  the  word  is  of  two  syllables  the  Tee 
or  Dee  stroke  should  be  used. 

212b.  Acquit,  Emmett,  Enid,  quiet,  acute,  avid,  allied, 
erode,  allude. 

213a.     Wordsigns  and  Contractions. 

VOWEL  TICKS  JOINED. 

214.  It  will  be  noted  that  a  vowel  always  occurs 
between  initial  h  and  a  consonant  following,  except 
where  w  immediately  follows  h,  as  in  zvhim,  zvhine, 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 


85 


209b.  .::.^.^i:^.^^.ri---n--9--?--'^- 
210b.  .^./r\..^.r}_.^._AA 


211b.     _'.'/'.//. 


.;^/.-T._.^...,.C... 


J 


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212b.  ^__7?\.^I^...T^^.-i--'^  ^.-ry^. 


212  Key. 


XI    j^ 


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a.fX. 


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(^ 


^ 


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tL   /'   .  (  /7  ^ 


86  CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

while.  The  tick  used  for  h  may  be  joined,  occasion- 
ally, to  indicate  a  vowel,  whether  h  precedes  the 
vowel  or  not, 

214b.  (a).  Used  as  an  h-tick — Horse,  horror,  horrid, 
inherit,  hurt,  heart,  held,  hold,  harness,  hurricane,  heavy, 
harvest,  (b).  Used  as  a  vowel-tick — Eel,  ill,  air,  arrow, 
ore,  ail,  art,  order,  old,  aim. 

215.  For  Initial  a,  Toid  or  Koid  may  be  used 
to  differentiate  two  outlines  otherwise  alike. 

215b.  Head,  ahead,  part,  apart,  judge,  adjudge,  prize, 
apprise.  Except  in  a  few  cases,  familiarized  by  practice. 
Rule  165  applies. — Ply,  apply,  device,  advice,  devise,  advise. 

R   PRECEDING   M. 

216.  Way,  without  initial  hook,  is  never  joined 
to  a  following  Em,  because  no  word  requires  such 
outline,  and  the  Way  stroke,  in  such  relation,  de- 
notes r,  and  is  called  Ray.  Ray  is  only  used  when 
joined  to  a  following  Em.  Ray  takes  no  initial 
hook,  though  it  may  take  an  initial  circle  or  tick, 
and  may  be  half-lengthed.  When  half-length,  it  is 
shaded  to  denote  d,  and  light  to  denote  t. 

216b.  Rome,  arm.  harm,  room,  ceremony,  sermon,  re- 
main, reimburse,  remorse,  rhyme,  Hardeman,  Hartman, 
redeem,  redemption,  forum.  You  will,  however,  write — 
frame,  form,  etc.,  because  the  r-hook  may  be  used,  and 
these  are  words  of  frequent  use. 

217.  Reason  for  Ray  preceding  Em. — ^Ar  might 
precede  Em  in  such  words  as  roam,  arm,  room,  etc., 
but  the  Em  could  not  be  halved  or  doubled  in  such 
words  as  here  follow  : 

217b.  Remind,  reminder,  remained,  remainder,  remit, 
remote.  Ar-Em  would  be  inconvenient  in  these  words: — 
Remove,  remodel,  remake,  reimburse,  etc. 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND  MANUAL 


87 


214b.     ^.. 


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215b.    ._1._1.;'  >. 


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216b.     A 


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217b. 


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88  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

ST   AND    STR   BETWEEN    STROKES. 

218.  In  some  cases  advantageous  outlines  may 
be  secured  by  the  use  of  loops  between  strokes,,  and 
in  such  cases  the  outline  must  distinctly  and  un- 
equivocally show  the  loop,  and  that  it  is  not  simply 
a  circle  taking  the  form  of  a  loop  between  strokes. 

218b.  Administer,  administrator,  administratrix ;  dis- 
trict, district  court;  justice,  justice  court;  abstract, 
abstractor. 

219a.     Wordsigns  and  Contractions. 

OMISSION  OR  BRIEF  INDICATION   OF 
WORDS. 

220.  Rules  governing  the  omission  of  of  and 
to  have  been  presented. 

Generally,  it  is  allowable  to  omit  any  word  which 
must  and  may  readily  be  supplied  to  complete  the 
sense  of  a  phrase,  and  remaining  signs  of  the  phrase 
may  be  abbreviated. 

220b.  More  and  more  ;  over  and  over ;  over  and  above  ; 
from  day  to  day ;  day  after  day ;  day  by  day ;  week  by 
week ;  week  after  week ;  from  week  to  week ;  more  or 
less ;  sooner  or  later ;  on  the  contrary  according  to  this ; 
in  relation  to  that ;  in  regard  to  the  other. 

221.  Words  Briefly  Indicated. —  (a).  Been 
may  be  denoted  by  an  En-hook  following  have  or 
had.  (b).  Of  is  sometimes  expressed  by  an  Ef- 
hook.  (c).  All,  zvill,  by  an  El-hook.  (d).  Are, 
our,  by  an  Ar-hook.  (e).  Own,  by  an  En-hook, 
(f).  Not  may  be  added  to  hut  and  or  by  an  En- 
hook,  (g).  Than  may  be  added  by  an  En-hook, 
(h).  Occasionally  it,  had,  what,  zvould,  may  be 
added  by  halving,     (i).     To  the  signs  above  pro- 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL  89 


^.<.^^.'5._^..r..L?r].^..i^..?.^..^H 


220b.  ..-^./^..i  iL.iL.tr...nL..":;L- 

221b.    .^/^.   ..J.J  .  ^L-l-l^-- 


90  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

vided  for  it  had,  it  would,  etc.,  not  is  sometimes 
added  by  an  En-hook. 

221b.  (a).  We  have  been;  you  have  been;  I  had  been; 
you  had  been;  he  had  been.  (b).  Day  of  the  week;  day 
of  the  year;  weight  of  the  sack;  height  of  the  season, 
(c).  By  all;  at  all;  it  will.  (d).  Which  are;  and  are; 
and  our;  at  our.  (e).  Our  own;  their  own;  her  own. 
(f).  But  not;  or  not.  (g).  More  than;  lower  than; 
higher  than;  better  than.  (h).  It  had;  it  would;  had  it; 
by  what;  they  would;  they  had.  (i).  It  had  not;  it  would 
not ;  they  had  not ;  they  would  not. 

222.  The  Tick  for  a,  an,  and,  may  be  joined  to 
a  word  in  the  fourth  position,  and  read  before  the 
to  impHed  by  that  position. 

222b.  And  to  put ;  and  to  doubt ;  and  to  do  ;  and  today  ; 
and  to  think ;  and  to  thank  him. 


OMISSION    OF    CONSONANTS. 

223.  Intricate  rules  may  be  dispensed  with 
here,  and  all  summed  up  in  this. — Where  careless 
pronunciation  slurs  or  omits  consonant  sounds,  yet 
does  not  pass  the  bounds  of  ready  comprehension, 
it  is  safe  to  omit  the  signs  of  sounds  so  omitted, 
when  such  omission  of  signs  would  be  advantageous, 
and  when  a  suggestive  outline  would  remain. 

223b.  Tem(p)t,  cam(p)ed.  consum(p)tion,  mos(t)ly, 
domes(t)ic,  des(t)itute,  destru(c)tion,  inte(ll)igible,  in- 
te(ll)igence,  tra(n)sc(r)ibe,  capab(le),  su(r)prise,  manu- 
sc(r)ipt,  inves(t)igate,  inves(t)i(ga)tion,  demo(n)strate, 
demo(n)stration,  remo(n)strate. 

224.  Kay  or  Gay,  as  used  in  the  syllable  ex,  is 
very  often  omitted,  yet  it  should  be  retained  where 
conflicting  outlines  would  otherwise  result,  and  the 
light  stroke  may  be  used  for  Gay,  as  well  as  for  Kay. 


CHALLENGE  SHORTHAND   MANUAL  91 


&>-i-'-x - - 

222b. 

'"^"'n  r;- ■ 

^:?^.:I.fh.-/.,^..^^/.l/..i-::...^.r7^=:^. 


223b.   ..U- 


-]^-7- --'^^-^-^-■'^-4 


92  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

224b.  Explain,  explanation,  exasperate,  exasperation, 
express,  expression,  expect,  except,  accept.  Expose,  sup- 
pose ;  expend,  spend,  exert,  exile,  exhaust,  exhort,  exhume. 

225.  Con,  com,  accom,  may  he  omitted. — Con, 
com,  as  hereinbefore  shown,  may  be  indicated  by  a 
light  dot  at  the  beginning  of  a  stroke.  Accom  may 
be  indicated  by  a  heavy  dot  in  place  of  the  con  dot. 
Con,  com,  accom,  may  be  omitted  when  the  outline 
would  remain  distinctive ;  or  where  the  outline  may 
be  written  under  or  partly  under  the  preceding 
word,  thus  implying  the  dot. 

225b.  Convict,  conviction,  confer,  conference,  confi- 
dent, confidence,  accomplice,  accomplish.  They  command ; 
he  should  confess ;  this  committee ;  it  was  connected ;  they 
were  accomplices ;  can  you  accommodate  me ?  They  may 
accomplish  this. 

OMISSION    OF    VOWELS. 

226.  The  stenographer  at  work  is  accustomed, 
generally,  to  omit  vowels,  depending  on  the  distinc- 
tive character  of  the  outlines,  and  position.  Unusual 
words  require  vocalization ;  and  words  of  the  same 
outline,  position,  and  part  of  speech — or  the  one 
least  used — should  be  vocalized.  A  principle  gov- 
erning the  choice  of  wordsigns  and  contracted  out- 
lines is,  that  it  is  safe  to  use  the  same  outhne,  un- 
vocalized,  for  a  noun  and  verb;  preposition  and 
verb ;  preposition  and  noun ;  and,  generally  speak- 
ing, for  words  of  different  parts  of  speech. 

226b.  The  farmer,  carrying  his  hoe  and  a  sheaf  of  hay, 
placed  the  hoe  in  the  barn  and  the  hay  in  the  rack  or 
manger.  The  time  of  corn  hoeing  is  past,  and  the  hoe  is 
put  away,  with  the  hay  rake.  Lane  and  Ellen  are  brother 
and  sister.  Lane  being  the  elder.  The  Elder,  later  on, 
wrote  a  letter  to  Luther. 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND  MANUAL 


93 


224b.  /c=,..<)-l.ir..r..j,:J..i'.,. 


-f 


—^ 


11^ 


/z>. 


225.   .^^.^^.//.^./^.(^^.;C..^^. 


i^-u/-^-^ 


225  Key.     .([ji.^..,)yf)..\^..TZ^.L 


.X.^.J^fT..^^ 


^ 


226b.  .:.j^..^^x  .^s^/.^.r../.,  \. 


7>. 


-/- 


\.:..s 


-/-^ 


rr-^/- 


94  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

SPECIAL    CONTRACTIONS. 

227.  In  any  particular  line  of  work  in  which  a 
stenographer  may  be  engaged,  certain  words  and 
phrases  may  be  very  often  used,  which  would  be 
unknown  or  unusual  in  other  lines  of  work.  For 
these  the  stenographer  may  devise  suggestive,  con- 
tracted forms ;  and  the  following,  in  227b,  are 
simply  suggestive  of  methods  of  special  contraction. 

227b.  Stoppage  in  transit :  stoppage  in  transitu ;  bill 
of  lading ;  bill  of  lading  attached ;  Interstate  Commerce 
Commission ;  Railroad  Commission ;  Bureau  of  Animal 
Industry.  New  York  Central  Railway  Co. ;  Lake  Shore 
Railway ;  Southern  Pacific  Railway  Co.  Familiar  firm 
and  individual  names  may  be  treated  in  like  manner — but 
this  subject  is  too  wide  for  exhaustive  illustration. 

228.  Phrases  in  general  use  have  set  forms. 

228b.  Party  of  the  first  part.  Party  of  the  second  part. 
Party  of  the  third  part.  FOB.  O.  K.  Dear  Sir.  My 
Dear  Sir.  My  Dear  Friend.  Yours  truly.  Yours  very 
truly.     Yours  respectfully.     We  are  in  receipt  of  yours. 

H-  OR  VOWEL-TICK  BEFORE   SP  OR  ZB. 

229.  To  provide  brief  and  facile  outlines  the  h- 
tick  or  vowel-tick  may  be  joined  before  sp  or  sb. 

229b.  Hospital,  hospitable,  husband,  husbandman,  hus- 
band and  wife,  especial-ly,  aspect,  husbandry. 

DISJOINED    PARTS    OF    WORDS. 

230.  Final  t  or  d  may  be  disjoined  when 
necessary. 

230b.     Treated,  deeded,  irritated. 

23L     In  a  few  other  cases,  parts  of  words  may 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL  95 


2271,.    .//L^..t^-.0'l..U. 


:^--h--Y^-^-- 

"""•  M/^/'-/-^-/---F- 

228K.y.  /'^.L.^.-'fc.irnA^l: 

229b.    ..■fr/^-^.-^^-^-O"---'^ 

230b.      ^    'i   ^1 


96  CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

be  disjoined,  to  preserve  the  outline  of  primitives, 
or  to  secure  brief  outlines. 

231b.  Vine,  vineyard.  Modify,  modification,  modi- 
fied, modifier.  Strata,  stratify,  stratification,  judicious, 
judiciously. 

PREFIXES. 

232.  Ac  com. — A  heavy  dot,  placed  at  the  be- 
ginning of  a  word,  signifies  accom.     See  Rule  225. 

232b.  Accommodate,  accommodation,  accomplish,  ac- 
complice. 

233.  Circum. — Indicated  by  Iss,  w^ritten  beside 
the  first  stroke  of  the  remainder  of  the  word,  or 
joined,  or  omitted  from  a  wordsign  and  its  deriva- 
tives. 

233b.    Circumscribe,  circumference,  circumstance. 

234.  Con,  com. — Indicated  by  a  light  dot  placed 
at  the  commencement  of  a  word.  See  Rules  106-7-8. 

234b.    Confer,  commit,  committee,  concoct,  conjecture. 

235.  Contra,  contri,  contro,  counter.  —  Ex- 
pressed by  Kenter  (with  the  hook  omitted  if  more 
convenient)  joined  to  the  remainder  of  the  word. 

235b.  Counteract,  contractor,  contribute,  contributor, 
contribution,  countersign,  countersink,  countermand,  con- 
tradistinguished.    Wordsigns :   Contradict,   contract. 

236.  Decom,  discom,  discon.  —  Expressed  by 
Dee,  written  near  the  remainder  of  the  word. 

236b.  Decompose,  discomfort,  disconnect,  disconsolate, 
discontinue. 

237.  For-e. — Expressed  by  Fer  joined  to  the 
remainder  of  the  word. 

237b.  Foreknowledge,  forward,  foreordained,  fore- 
man, foregoing,  forsooth,  foreseen,  foresee. 


CHALLENGK    SHORTHAND   MAXUAI.  97 


231b.   ^''^  /  '"-^'  "^  ^^  '^^/  1    ^_^ 

"""  /  /'"pE,— -"- 

231  Key.   _.^...._^..,. -..^.^^.^y.^.J^ 

232b.  J..L._^._^ 

233b.  .^.^_ 


2_ 


-/- 


234b.  .ir^L-lCD.-^ 


235b. 


T..Z7..3Z- 


1/^  '.. 


236b.  ..k-.U..L  L.JU- 


98  CHALLENGE  SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

238.  lucom,  incon. — Expressed  by  En,  written 
above  the  ruled  line  and  near,  or  partly  over,  the 
remainder  of  the  word. 

238b.  Inconstant,  incomplete,  incomparable,  incon- 
gruous. 

239.  Inter,  infro. — Expressed  by  Net,  written 
in  any  position  before  the  remainder  of  the  word,  or 
joined. 

239b.  Intersperse,  intermix,  intermingle,  interminable, 
mterchange,  introduce,  interline,  interlude,  interlock. 

240.  Irrecon. — Expressed  by  vowel-tick-Ray. 
written  in  the  first  position  near  the  remainder  of 
the  word. 

240b.    Irreconcilable. 

241.  Magna,  magni. — Expressed  by  Em,  writ- 
ten over,  or  partly  over,  the  remainder  of  the  word. 

241b.     Magnanimous,  magnify,  magnitude. 

242.  Miscon,  miscom. — Expressed  by  Ems, 
written  above  the  remainder  of  the  word. 

242b.  Miscompute,  misconception.  Conduct,  construe, 
written  without  the  dot,  retain  their  respective  outlines  in 
misconduct,  misconstrue. 

243.  Noncon,  noncom. — Expressed  by  Nen, 
written  over  the  first  stroke  of  the  remainder  of  the 
word. 

243b.  Noncontent,  noncommittal,  noncompressible. 
Conductor,  nonconductor. 

244.  Recon,  recom,  recog. — Expressed  by  Ray, 
written  near  the  remainder  of  the  word. 

244b.    Reconcile,  recommend,  reconvey,  recognize. 

245.  Uncon,  uncom. — Expressed  by  En,  writ- 
ten on  the  line  near  the  remainder  of  the  word. 


CHALLENGE    S 


B.O. 

JE   SHORTHAND    MAT^wM^*^'  99 


237b.    _^,.2.^.  ;^..2_..^.e^^..__. 
238b.    ."^i. SIT.. 71/...^^ 

239b.  __7.,:_T:r!._z:T:r_..r:?_.^  :^. 


100  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

245b.  Unconvinced,  unconvicted.  Contradict,  uncon- 
tradicted. 

246. — Unrecon,  wirecom,  unrccog. — Expressed 
by  Ner,  written  partly  over  the  remainder  of  the 
word. 

246b.    Unreconciled,  unrecompensed,  unrecognized. 

247.  Compound  Prefixes. — When  any  one  of 
the  prefixes  given  above  is  preceded  by  a  syllable, 
as  in,  tin,  dis,  such  syllable  may  be  expressed  by  the 
proper  sign  joined  to,  or  written  near  the  prefix. 

247b.  Uncircumscribed,  undecomposed,  unforeseen, 
disencumbered,  disinterested.  Uncountermined,  uncounter- 
signed,  uncontradicted. 

248.  License  in  the  Use  of  Prefix-Signs. — One 
or  more  initial  syllables,  resembling  a  prefix  given 
in  the  preceding  list,  may  be  represented  by  the 
sign  of  such  prefix,  where  advantageous. 

248b.  Entertain,  incumbent,  recumbent,  magnet,  mag- 
netism, magnesia. 

249.  Com  and  Con  Consonants  Fully  Written. 
— Rules  106-7-8  authorize  the  use  of  a  light  dot  for 
com  or  con,  and  the  omission  of  the  dot  in  certain 
cases.  Where  there  may  be  full  consonant  indica- 
tion of  these  prefixes,  com  and  con,  without  material 
disadvantage,  such  full  indication  is  preferable. 
249  Key  presents  this  matter  at  greater  length. 

SUFFIXES. 

250.  Ble,  bly. — Expressed  by  Bee  joined,  when 
Bel  cannot  be  conveniently  employed. 

250b.  Sensible-ly,  profitable-ly,  reasonable-ly,  season- 
able-ly. 

251.     Bleness,  fulness. — Expressed  by  a  small 


CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 


101 


245b.  .^5il_-^-^. 


246b.   ^^  ^ 


247b. 


__Z..nz..^..L-L/ 


248b.  .ri-n?^.-..! J-.-__Tr^_ 


248  Key.  ..L.r?J, L 


,1/-. 


c-^ 


,^ 


.m 


^  L  •  <^ 


^/^- — 


102  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

circle  written  at  the  end  of  the  preceding  part  of 
the  word. 

251b.     Serviceableness,  doubtfulness,  carefulness. 

252.  Fore. — Expressed  by  Ef-Ar  joined  to  the 
preceding  part  of  the  word. 

252b.  Wherefore,  heretofore,  theretofore.  Therefore 
is  in  the  list  of  contractions. 

253.  Ing,  ingly,  ings,  ing  thr. — See  Rules  109, 
110,  111. 

254.  Lesness. — Expressed  by  a  large  circle, 
written  at  the  end  of  the  preceding  part  of  the  word. 

254b.     Carelesness,  worthlesness,  uselesness. 

255.  Lty,  rty. — Expressed  by  disjoined  Tee 
when,  by  contraction,  the  /  or  r  is  not  represented, 
preceding  the  ty. 

255b.     Similarity,   familiarity,  popularity,  specialty. 

256.  Lty,  rty. — Expressed  by  halving  the  I  or  r 
sign  when  the  /  or  r  is  represented  in  the  primary 
word,  or  when  it  may  be  supplied. 

256b.  Unstable,  instability ;  formal,  formality ;  local, 
locality ;  facile,  facility ;  imbecile,  imbecility ;  desirable,  de- 
sirability; futile,  futility;  regular,  regularity.  These 
syllables,  when  not  true  suffixes,  should  be  written  in  full, 
thus:  parity,  disparity,  faculty,  hilarity. 

257.  Self. — Usually  expressed  by  a  joined  Iss ; 
selves  by  a  joined  Ses. 

257b.  Myself,  himself,  ourselves,  themselves;  but  self, 
following  your,  must  be  expressed  by  Iss-1  joined;  and 
selves  by  Iss-1-Iss,  thus :  your,  yourself,  yourselves. 

258.  Soever. — Expressed  by  Iss- v. 

258b.  Whatsoever,  wheresoever,  whosoever,  whom- 
soever, whensoever,  whencesoever,  whithersoever,  howso- 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL  103 


252b. 


254b.      ^o._( 


250b.  t/.j:fy...y- 

251b.    _^__..^. 

L.) : 

o 

255b.    .r?l   Al   /./•. 

256b.  ::}.::}.hr..lr...^..-^...^^.-:?. 
-^a--^A-^.--'^- - 

257b.    6..jl(o  ;  .  ^ -j':£*i    ^   J—— 

258  Key.     .^„^. /riTlf  .^/-^-/--^ 


4         * 


104  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

TICK-LENGTH  CONSONANTS. 

259.  Better  junctions,  facility,  and  speed,  are 
obtained  in  certain  cases  by  substituting,  for  one  of 
two  joined  strokes,  a  tick-length,  changing  the 
direction,  or  curve,  or  both,  from  the  direction  or 
curve,  or  both,  of  the  longer  sign. 

260.  For  1,  before  Kay,  Gay,  Em,  Emp,  write 

Foid. 

260b.  Elk,  Algonac,  Elkhart,  eloquent,  election,  elocu- 
tion, elegant,  electric,  electrical,  electricity,  elementary, 
alembic. 

261.  Foid  for  I  is  used  where  /  follows  an 
initial  vowel,  as  in  260b.  Where  /  is  initial,  or  h  is 
initial,  El  is  used. 

261b.  Look,  like,  alike,  lack,  lug, .  lamp,  lamb,  hulk, 
limb,  helm,  alum,  elm. 

262.  For  I  after  En,  Enter,  or  after  a  circle  or 
hook  zvhen  most  convenient,  write  Foid. 

262b.  Inly,  sinless,  entirely,  suddenly,  final-ly,  evenly, 
sufficiently,  pencil,  densely,  briefly.  Use  El  when  more 
convenient,  or  following  a  half-length  En : — kindly,  keenly, 
manly,  emotional-ly,  mental,  mentally,  impatiently,  natur- 
ally, accidental-ly,  swindle. 

263.  For  sh,  after  Ar,  En,  Ing,  Kay,  Gay,  or  a 
hook  when  most  convenient,  write  Woid, 

Note. — Word-outlines,  hereafter  used,  may  show  omis- 
sion of  consonant  or  consonants,  under  Rule  223,  without 
special  attention  being  called  to  said  rule  in  each  case. 

263b.  Rush,  rash,  gnash,  English,  cash,  gush,  gash, 
anxious,  vanish,  varnish,  finish. 

Note  the  addition  of  small  circle  or  hook: — Cautious, 
caution. 

Write  derivatives,  when  more  convenient,  thus:  Rash. 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL  105 


260b. 


261b. 


262b.    '   —  '  ^^  ^  /  I  // 


r.J..-r'..^..-^/J.^.;^... 


.^c^i.:.^.;.... 


x-_^.^..^.,  W 

263b.  ^._^.^_r_  _  ^.„.„-^-^.^_. 

263  Key.   , ^  _C >-^ 


106  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 

rasher;   cash,   cashier;   gush,   gusher;   judicious,   judicial, 
judiciously. 

Also  distinguish  between  words  requiring  Woid  in  the 
primitive,  and  words  not  subject  to  that  rule,  but  taking 
the  Shon-hook,  thus:  Caution,  auction;  communication, 
negation,  negotiation,  negotiate;  rash,  rashly,  ration, 
rational-ly. 

264.  For  sh,  after  Em,  Emp,  Emper,  write 
Loid. 

264b.    Mich.,  mush,  mash,  impish,  impartial. 

265.  For  p  or  h,  after  Tee  or  Dee,  write  Roid. 

26Sb.  Type,  depot,  dip,  deposit,  drop,  trip,  trap,  tub, 
tap ;  but  write  derivatives,  when  Roid  may  not  be  used, 
thus  :  Type,  typer,  typewriter ;  drop,  dropper ;  trap,  trapper. 
It  is  best  to  write  the  stroke  in  unusual  words : — daub,  dab, 
tibia. 

266.  For  t  or  d,  after  Pee  or  Bee,  write  Roid. 

266b.  One  tick-length  may  be  joined  to  another,  when 
convenient,  thus :  petition,  partition.  Where  earlier  rules 
of  vocalization  require  two  strokes — Pee  or  Bee  joined  to 
a  following  or  preceding  Tee  or  Dee — such  earlier  rules 
should  be  followed,  thus :  piety,  pity,  poet,  pattie,  pied, 
abide,  abode,  tibia,  tabby,  Toby. 

267.  For  ch  or  j,  zvrite  Loid  after  Pee,  Bee,  Es, 
Zee;  or  after  a  hook,  unless  Chay  or  Jay  may  be 
more  easily  joined. 

267b.  Pitch,  patch,  beach,  breach,  preach,  bridge, 
brooch,  Bridgeport,  sewage,  usage;  derivatives:  pitcher, 
preacher,  beacher,  poach,  poacher — and  words  in  analogy 
— Beecher,  Bridger,  badger.  The  following  outlines  dis- 
tinguish between  ch  and  /,  using  the  tick  for  ch  and  the 
stroke  for  ;,  thus:  orange,  wrench,  range,  ranch,  rancher, 
ranger. 

268.  For  m,  after  Ens,  Ents,  Enter,  Shay, 
Shays,  or  before  Iss-Chay,  Iss-Jay,  write  Yeh. 

268b.     Handsome,     winsome,     sanitarium,     sanitorium. 


CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL  107 


264b. 


265b.  lil\lLi.±.^i..^X(.r 


7-r 


267b.i;,/z.^4-ii-v4^^^4*- 


268b.  _^^_„-< — 'i-^,-^- -■:»^^  ^  -^.^... 

268Key.  JnC7\.U-^t^^./ c (-^--^  2. 

c  r  \.   .  a  i 


-^^_.^..^^..?.y^..u,i-^.^.*.^- 


108  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

Entzminger,  socialism,  shame,  sham,  shoemaking,  shoe- 
maker, Schumacher.  Message,  messenger,  Massachusetts, 
misjoinder. 

269.  For  n,  after  Ems,  Emps,  Mets,  Meds, 
Emter,  Lays,  write  Yuh. 

269b.  Mason,  masonry.  Masonic,  Madison,  Matson, 
medicine,  Thompson,  Adamson,  modern,  listen,  lessen, 
loosen,  listener. 

270.  A^^  for  such  prefix  syllables  as  in,  en,  un, 
may  be  expressed  by  a  curved  tick-length :  ( 1 ) 
At  the  beginning  of  any  of  the  straight  Hne  Iss-r- 
hook  signs;  (2).  At  the  beginning  of  any  other 
stroke,  where  use  of  the  En  stroke  would  cause  a 
difficult  junction. 

270b.  (1).  Unconsidered,  inconsiderate,  insecure,  un- 
screw, inspire,  inconsiderable.  (2).  Insulate,  insulation,  in- 
sult, insoluble,  unseemly,  enslave,  uncivil,  incivility;  unload, 
unlimited,  unmitigated,  unsettle,  unsaddle,  unladylike,  un- 
told, undelivered. 

271.  For  th,  dh,  after  Pee,  Bee,  Ef,  Vee,  write 
Wuh. 

271b.    Path,  bath,  both,  bathe,  faith,  saveth. 

272.  For  st  write  Shoid  when  st  may  not  be 
more  conveniently  expressed  otherwise. 

272b.     Opinionist,  factionist,  protectionist. 

273.  Halving  Final  Tick  Outlines. — When  any 
final  consonant  tick  is  used,  halving  the  stroke  to 
which  it  is  joined  adds  t  or  d,  to  be  read  after  the 
tick,  whether  the  tick  be  joined  directly  to  the  stroke 
or  to  a  hook  or  other  tick  thereon. 

273b.  Rushed,  gashed,  cashed,  cautioned,  finished, 
petitioned,  partitioned,  typed,  dropped,  trapped,  pitched, 
patched,  preached,  bridged,  bathed,  shamed,  shammed. 


CHALLENGE    SHORTHAXD   MANUAL  109 


269b.     ^   ^r^-^^ ^-.^.r?!:..!--- 


--r7 -I 

270b 


271b.    .^^./f./:JJ 

272b.    ._4?^..2^ 

273b.  ^-._-._'7_:^..ll5>:../.._f..^:/.  ^ 

273  Key.      .(...^C-Jp^.f.J  (-'-  ^-^.J..^.. 

f:-77.-»rr...\.:r..yy  ^.r:i.j)  ..:..Uh  _-^ 


110  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

274.  T  or  d  added  after  a  circle  and  tick  must 
be  by  stroke,  joined  if  convenient,  or  disjoined  if 
necessary. 

274b.     Pencilled,  loosened,  lessened. 

275.  In  writing  proper  names,  unfamiliar,  the 
writer  must  make  them  sure  before  trusting  short- 
hand outlines  of  such  names  ;  but  the  names  of  corre- 
spondents, and  geographical  names,  familiar  to  the 
business  writer,  and  the  names  of  parties  to  and 
witnesses  in  court  cases,  when  once  verified,  may 
be  written  in  shorthand,  and  tick-lengths  may  be 
used  to  great  advantage,  in  such  cases. 

275b.  Algonac,  Elkhart,  Alexander,  Elmira,  Almira, 
Alhambra.  Boyett,  Bowden,  Dobbins,  Madison,  Matson, 
Thompson,  Bridgeport,  Osage. 

276.  General  Rule  for  the  Use  of  Tick  Lengths. 
— A  tick-length  consonant  is  used  wherever  facile 
movement  is  materially  promoted  thereby.  It  may 
be  joined  after  a  circle,  hook,  or  other  tick ;  and 
may  take  a  circle  or  hook.  It  may  be  joined  be- 
tween strokes. 

276b.  Penal,  penalty,  punish-ment,  pencilled,  penciling, 
petition,  Englishman,  devotional,  divisional,  council,  coun- 
sel, conceal,  cancel,  although,  deposit,  deposition,  depend, 
depended. 

277a.     Wordsigns. 

NUMBERS. 

278b.  Write  figures  as  in  longhand,  when  two  or  more 
occur  together,  thus:  13,  15,  17;  15  days;  18  months. 

279b.  Indicate  dollars  and  cents  thus:  $25:  $36.42: 
$1.50;  $125.30. 

280b.  Fractions  as  in  longhand,  thus:  39f;  3|;  139.9; 
1.5  feet;  If  miles. 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 


111 


274b. 
275b. 


•   Y-r-i-^-\.- 


r!/^=,j:^.__b.ia 


-'^— 


112  CHALLENGE    SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

281b.  Safe  and  facile  outlines  may  be  used  for  the 
following  fractions:  f,  i,  i,  f,  i,  f,  §,  ^.  One  quarter; 
three  quarters. 

282b.  Single  figures  are  usually  indicated  by  shorthand 
characters,  thus :  one  day,  two  weeks,  three  months,  four 
years,  five  miles,  six  barrels,  seven  bushels.  Use  figures 
to  write  these :  eight  hours,  eight  days,  eight  dollars,  nine 
miles,  nine  days,  nine  dollars — eight  anything  or  nine  any- 
thing. Ten,  eleven,  twelve  may  be  written  in  shorthand. 
Ten  dollars,  ten  days,  ten  months,  eleven  days,  eleven  dol- 
lars, eleven  years,  twelve  days,  twelve  dollars,  twelve 
years,  twelve  months. 

283b.  Two  numbers  of  one  figure  each,  with  or  be- 
tween, are  written  thus :  one  or  two,  two  or  three,  three 
or  four  four  or  five,  five  or  six,  six  or  seven,  six  or 
eight,  seven  or  eight,  eight  or  nine,  nine  or  ten,  eight  or  ten. 

284b.  For  numbers  of  more  than  one  figure  each, 
with  or  between,  this  is  the  rule : 

(a).  A  rising  stroke,  like  Ar-Ar,  joined  to  a  single 
figure  preceding  it,  indicates  that  a  cypher  follows  that 
figure,  followed  by  or,  then  followed  by  the  next  higher 
figure  and  a  cypher,  thus:  20  or  30,  30  or  40,  40  or  50, 
50  or  60.  60  or  70,  70  or  80,  80  or  90 ;  and  you  may  write 
90  or  100  in  analogy  therewith. 

(b).  If  the  rising  stroke  is  joined  to  the  last  of  two 
or  more  figures,  the  value  of  the  first  number  is  unchanged, 
and  the  stroke  indicates  or  and  the  next  higher  number 
ending  with  a  cypher,  thus:  15  or  20,  28  or  30,  45  or  50, 
99  or  100,  125  or  130. 

(c).  A  figure  joined  to  the  end  of  the  rising  stroke 
indicates  a  number  ending  with  that  figure,  next  higher 
than  the  number  first  written,  thus:  12  or  13,  13  or  14 
18  or  19,  35  or  36,  175  or  176. 

(d).  The  rising  stroke,  initial,  may  be  regarded  as 
denoting   the    number    10   preceding    it,    thus:    10    or    12, 

10  or  15. 

(e).    Eleven,    initial    or    final,    may   be    treated    thus: 

11  or  12,  10  or  11. 

285b.  In  writing  large  numbers,  the  confusing  use  of 
cyphers  may  be  avoided  by  shorthand  methods  here  shown 
thus:  1,028,001.03,  10,096,  1,002,  $2,002,002.02  97  0003 
$10,000.02.  .     S-,      , 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MA^IUAL  113 


278b. 


/J,  /7 ;  /J  [,  ,  //..n,  / 


c  ••  /^. 


279b.     -,y^  ^^  :  ^sy,J6tt;  /ft; /^S.-^-. 


280b.  _2^   ..r...^..^^.■.3/^  ;  3};/J/r:/.s/.:/ir^.y. 
281b.      ^..^..^^  ^..,.y._^.^  :  ,f^.%.f..^.. 


U/^   ^ 


c 

282b.  .  — .rr-^._^_T./-  ^  c  ••  f  J^- 
o'-o  -*-l--fi  1^  c.-y. 

283b.      J  i(r.:^J....\.^l  ^-rCit  :  ^c  5-  >^</ 

!:2_!:r_^/..U.>r<l  1  / 

284b.  .z^c^r_-^-f  .-l.a'J..i.^.^,^.s±::.lL. 


^.r.c^-.C/^-^-*^-  Ti-  -':-,  /-^-'--^-^-H 


114  CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND    MANUAL 

DICTATED   CHANGES. 

286b.  A  stenographer,  taking  dictation,  may  be  called 
upon  to  read  the  notes  taken,  and  to  strike  out  or  insert 
matter;  and  this  may  occur  before  the  matter  in  hand  is 
completed,  or  after  it  is  closed,  and  after  pages  of  notes 
have  been  written  upon  other  matters. 

Never  attempt  to  interline  notes  unless  you  know 
there  will  be  very  little  to  insert;  but  carefully  pursue  the 
following  method : 

Strike  out  matter  as  directed,  by  a  line  through  it. 

Mark  the  place  of  insertion,  using  numbers  consecu- 
tively, enclosed  in  circle,  with  a  caret  pointing  accurately 
to  the  place,  and,  where  your  notes  have  ended,  whether 
on  the  same  page  or  pages  beyond,  write  the  same  number 
plainly  in  the  left  margin,  on  the  first  blank  line,  and, 
following  that  number,  write  the  matter  to  be  inserted. 
Proceed  in  the  same  manner  with  each  insertion.  It  may 
happen  that,  upon  a  re-reading,  matter  must  be  inserted 
before  other  insertions  already  numbered,  or  inserted 
within  one  of  the  insertions  before  dictated.  Your  marked 
footnotes  will  be  in  regular  order,  and  if,  in  transcribing, 
you  come  upon  insertions  5  and  6,  before,  or  intermingled 
with  1,  2,  3,  and  4,  put  the  matter  in  your  transcript  as  you 
find  it,  and  your  transcript  will  be  correct. 

INITIALS. 

287.  Initials  may  be  indicated  by  shorthand 
equivalents,  but  this  method  should  be  very  thor- 
oughly familiarized  before  putting  trust  in  it. 

287b.  A.,  B.,  C,  D.,  E.,  F.,  G.,  H.,  I.,  J.,  K.,  L.,  M., 
N.,  O.,  P.,  Q.,  R.,  S.,  T.,  U.,  v.,  W.,  X.,  Y.,  Z.,  &c. 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL  115 


^  U  :    ^--^/- 

285b.   .  —  r-i^-^-  ^  C  ^.^-^  ,  ---/  c-^- 
286b.  — -L_.Lu  ^  ;^liJU.-X.  _. 

.^..<'..'::::^_;..- ^  /  -^ //?... 

--<2'-'--^---^-^ 

(S>  ^  -  L,(^2 

./(i..^.-'.;   '.v^A.<r^./-bi>^- 

-...-(ar^.,..'..^._ 

3^_^.!7 ^ 

Q  y  i^  J-  Cr./..—^ 

_-_^._V..,  ^  .  v/.^-c  1/ 


116 


CHALLENGE   SHORTHAND   MANUAL 


287b. 


.\.: 


)  I 


...J..    ^.y..y.\ 

288  Key. 

\ A..  ..ll..C.._S  .1-,-.--  ^...<..A. 


-> 


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(-/- 


-w 


rf) 


/-). 


;/ 


V 


-^-— k^-y- 

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f 


I. 


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-^ 


J/---' 


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z.  ^ 


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-J- 


CHALLENGE  SHORTHAND  DICTATION 
KEY 

This  work  is  especially  designed  for  loose-leaf 
teaching. 

Key  figures,  immediately  following  the  an- 
nouncement of  a  lesson  and  its  number,  indicate 
the  last  paragraph  of  the  Manual  included  in  that 
lesson ;  e.  g.,  Lesson  I.  22  Key ;  Lesson  II.  25a. 

Figures,  on  a  Lesson  line  of  the  Index,  indicate 
to  the  teacher  the  last  page  of  Manual  and  Key, 
respectively,  to  be  delivered  to  the  student  as  neces- 
sarv  for  the  study  of  that  lesson ;  e.  g.,  Lesson  I. 
9  and  118. 

Lesson  I.    22  Key 

Carefully  read  paragraphs  1-16  of  the  Manual. 

Study  and  practice  par.  17-22,  in  accordance 
with  General  Instructions,  1-7. 

The  typed  equivalent  of  Key  shorthand  may  be 
delivered,  in  whole  or  in  part,  after  the  student 
shall  have  read  and  practiced  the  shorthand,  and 
passed  to  the  next  lesson. 

After  becoming  thoroughly  familiar  with  the 
shorthand  strokes,  vowels  and  wordsigns.  the  stu- 
dent should  repeatedly  write  the  Key  shorthand 
exercise,  omitting  all  vowels  except  those  aiding 
in  the  designation  of  nouns. 

There  should  be  extended  dictation  work  in  con- 
nection with  each  lesson,  with  omission  of  vowels 
as  above  directed ;  and  practice  in  reading  such 
work  should  be  continued  until  the  student  has  the 
117 


118  KEY 

ability  to  read,  readily,  the  notes  so  written  from 
dictation. 

22  Key.    Lesson  1 

Proper  names  used  in  22  Key:  Oro,  Urr,  Rowe,  Shay, 
El,  Lowe. 

A  stenographer  is  forever  doomed  to  spell  a  proper 
name  according  to  best  judgment,  until  correction  or 
verification  may  be  obtained.  Even  so  with  Smith,  Smyth, 
Smythe. 

At  this  stage,  such  words  and  phrases  as  Dear  Sir, 
Gentlemen,  Yours  truly.  Yours  respectfully,  etc.,  cannot 
be  indicated  by  shorthand  characters.  Usually  a  person, 
dictating  correspondence,  omits  these,  and  the  stenographer 
supplies  them  in  the  transcript  The  student  may  follow 
this  course  until  shorthand  indication  of  such  words  and 
phrases  may  be  made,  in  the  course  of  these  lessons. 

Note  and  follow  shorthand  punctuation. 

El  Lowe, 

Oro. 
Dear  Sir: — 

Urr  and  Rowe  are  two  who  will  row,  and  Shay 
will  too,  and  he  will  lay  an  oar,  and  show  Ray.     / 
Urr  and  Ray  should  row  to  Oro.     Shay  shall  row^^^^ 
El,  and  El  should  row  too.    Should  Ray  err.  Shay 
will  show  him,  and  he  should  row. 

Messrs.  Lowe  &  Shay, 

Oro. 
Gentlemen : — 

Ray  and  Urr  are  two  who  will  show  El  and 
Rowe,  and  will  row.  Should  El  row,  he  will  row 
Urr  and  Lowe.  He  should  row,  but  Lowe  should 
too.    Ray  will  show  Urr  an  oar,  and  he  and  Lowe 


^   119 

win  nwr.     He  will  row  EI  and  Raiy.    Who  wiO 
row  to  Oro? 

Messrs.  Ray  3c  Rowe. 

Oro. 
Dear  Sirs: — 

Siall  Shay  and  Lowe  row  EI.  Rar  and  Urr? 
Shay  shoold  row,  bat  Lowe  shall  row.  EH  Ray 
win  diow  Lowe  an  oar.  Shafl  Urr  and  Rowr 
row? 

Lesson  IT.    25a 

No  Key  shorthand  is  presented  widi  tfiis  lesson. 

After  becooung  Idioroagfalj  familiar  with  the 
nipstiative  shordiand  and  tiie  wordsigns,  the  stu- 
dent should  devise  and  practice  sentences,  equiva- 
lent  in  amount  to  a  half-pag:e  of  the  engraved  short- 
hand, approximately.  Use  only  the  wt)rds  for 
which  the  shorthand  has  been  given  in  this  and 
the  preceding  lesson.  Freely  use  and  modify  tfie 
sentences  contained  in  22  Kev. 


Lessox  in.     29  Key 

In  29  Key,  note  the  word  change,  cfc-n-/,  Chay-En-Jaj. 
The  n  has  not  yet  been  reached  in  due  coarse,  but  yon  may 
learn  and  use  it  here. 

When  Key  shorthand  occupies  less  than  a  half-page, 
as  is  the  case  with  29  Key,  the  student  shonld  devise  sen- 
tences, sufficient  to  fill  a  half -page  in  connection  widi  die 
Key  shorthand,  and  should  use  only  the  words  for  wfaich 
shorthand  is  given  in  current  and  preceding  lessons. 

Under  the  direction  given  the  teacher  in  the  index,  if 
the  tj-ped  equivalent  of  Key  shorthand  is  in  the  hands  of 


120  KEY 

the  student  when  first  examining  the  Key  shorthand,  the 
typed  equivalent  may  be  referred  to  in  deciphering  the 
shorthand.  If  the  dehvery  of  the  typed  equivalent  should 
be  postponed  until  time  of  delivery  of  the  next  lesson,  or 
any  future  lesson,  such  typed  matter  should  then  be  com- 
pared with  the  student's  longhand  transcript  of  the  Key 
shorthand,  and  corrected,  if  necessary;  and  this  exercise 
should  be  considered  in  the  nature  of  a  review. 

The  names  of  States  and  principal  cities,  where  used 
in  the  Key  shorthand,  are  usually  unvocalized,  and  often 
contracted.  In  such  cases  the  longhand  equivalent  of  the 
shorthand  outline  may  suggest  the  full  word ;  e.g. :  Vg, 
Virginia;  Pslv,  Pennsylvania;  Wsh,  Washington;  Lbm, 
Alabama;  Wsv,  West  Virginia;  Dkt,  Dakota. 


29  Key.    Lesson  3 

Messrs.  Jeff  &  Job  Rail, 

Lore,  Va. 
Gentlemen : — 

Urr  and  Lowe  will  lay  up,  for  a  change,  and 
Joe  will  row  and  luff.  He  will  wave  a  loaf,  which 
he  will  have  for  Jep.  He  will  love  to  lope  to  a 
ledge.  Bobo  and  Beppo  roar  for  a  lull,  and  for  a 
shoal.  Have  Pope  and  Jep  show  Joe  and  Poe  a 
way  to  lay  a  row.  Weigh  a  loaf  for  Ray,  and  fetch 
up  a  bay  lobo  for  Job. 

Lesson  IV.    35  Key 

From  this  place  to  the  end  of  this  work,  there  will  be 
little  more  than  the  announcement  of  lessons  and  where 
found,  with  the  equivalents  of  Key  shorthand  interspersed, 
so  that  at  times  the  typed  Key  matter  will  be  in  the  hands 
of  the  student  at  the  time  of  the  lesson  study,  and  at  other 
times  not.  Follow  closely  the  directions  given  in  connec- 
tion with  Lessons  1,  2,  and  3. 


KEY  121 

35  Key.    Lesson  4 

Mr.  Jerre  Leach, 

Ware,  Va. 
Dear  Sir: — 

The  way  to  reach  all  who  have  fear  of  aught 
already  here,  should  be  to  show  each  the  shop  will 
have  the  job  on  the  way  for  all  who  ever  pay.  Who 
will  be  here  to  show  the  job? 


Lesson  V.     41  Key 

•  41  Key.    Lesson  5 

Mr.  Joseph  Jefferson, 

Salesville,  Pa. 
Sir:— 

If  the  lessors  of  Willie's  shops  should  have  the 
wish  to  repay  him  for  his  losses,  he  will  ship  the 
reapers.  All  are  up  on  the  shoal  bay.  The  base 
of  the  Russell  reaper  shows  wear.  The  shop  should 
be  lower  for  the  reapers. 

Messrs.  Weaver,  Sales  &  Lodge,. 

Shipley,  Wash. 
Gentlemen : — 

The  jobbers  are  here,  and  will  leave  on  the  ship 
Lope,  to  follow  the  way  of  the  jobbers  of  Sales- 
ville. Rosser  will  be  here,  and  wishes  to  hear  of  a 
job  for  Ledger.  He  may  reach  Pennsylvania  on 
his  way  to  Virginia.    He  is  rich,  and  will  be  richer, 


122  KEY 


if  he  follows  the  way  he  should.  Belo  fears  to 
leave  his  ships,  and  will  be  on  the  way  to  Avery's, 
and  Jerry  will  leave  here. 


Lesson  VI.     46  Key 
46  Key.    Lesson  6 

Mr.  J.  K.  Risley, 

Paul's  Valley,  Wash. 
Sir:— 

Leslie  is  sorry  for  his  fierce  boasts,  and  he 
fears  to  leave  here,  as  Russell  fiercely  follows  him. 
The  foresters  here  w'ish  to  raise  the  surface  of  the 
forests,  which  are  waste.  Eph  Beasley  supposes 
the  posts  are  here,  and  will  be  on  the  way  to 
Jester's.  The  way  Joseph  shows  up  Rochester's 
folly  should  be  a  solace  to  all  who  have  a  wish 
for  peace.  Bishop  is  restless,  and  listlessly  fetches 
his  ulsters  up  here  for  sale. 


Lesson  VII.   50  Key 
50  Key.    Lesson  7 

Mr.  Adna  Jackson, 

Paris,  Ala. 
Dear  Sir: — 

The  best  possible  shoeing  smithing  may  be  had 
at  the  Johnson  shop;  so  they  say. 


KEY  123 

Lesson  VIII.     59b 

57  A'^v.     Lesson  8 

Noisy  boys  rejoice  loudly,  but  quieter  ways  are 
best. 

Lesson  IX.     67  Key 
67  Key.     Lesson  9 

Alessrs.  Barrett  &  Lesrer, 

Seattle,  Wash. 
Sirs : — 

Philo  Masters  is  at  home  today.  He  and  Jeffers. 
of  Vicksburg,  had  a  long  talk  on  the  subject  of 
fixing  up  the  posts  and  wires  on  the  Gossett  range. 
He  will  raise  the  money,  and  have  it  ready  in  time 
for  the  autumn  business.     He  will  see  to  it  soon. 

Lesson  X.    69  Key 

69  Key.    Lesson  10 

Mr.  Ed  Johnson, 

Albany. 
Sir:— 

If  the  caps  come  in  time,  they  may  be  of  use 
to  James. 

Lesson  XI.     79  Key 
75  Key.    Lesson  11 

Month,  m-tJi,  Etn-Ith,  a  contraction,  presented  later  in 
the  complete  list. 


124  KEY 

Messrs.  Fox,  Duke  &  Bales, 
Forney,  W.  Va. 

Gentlemen : — 

It  may  be  necessary  to  ship,  by  first  steamer, 
a  load  of  poles  to  Pike's  Peak  next  month.  Say  to 
Basil  Beasley,  at  Pike's  Peak,  in  our  dealings  on 
the  range,  for  the  coming  season,  a  new  variety  of 
pest  is  showing  up,  vastly  to  our  damage,  and  it 
may  be  necessary  to  dissolve  our  company.  This  is 
fiercely  opposed  by  some  who  are  on  the  inside  of 
the  game,  and  our  camp  may  move  soon.  They 
are  roping  our  steers  and  cows,  and  giving  us  no 
notice.  If  these  fellows  follow  up  this  business, 
it  may  be  best  to  talk  to  Dixon,  who  visits  Pike's 
Peak  soon. 


79  Key.    Lesson  11 

Messrs.   Spencer  &  Bissell, 
Navasota. 

Dear  Sirs : — 

News  reaches  us  by  wire,  today,  showing  us 
facts  of  far-reaching  importance.  It  seems  the  best 
forage  in  Lower  Canada  comes  by  the  way  of 
Rochester,  the  bills  for  which  are  much  reduced. 
On  the  face,  the  forage  bills  of  West  &  Post  show 
they,  by  poorly  managing,  lost  all  the  advantages 
of  which  they  boast.  If  this  continues,  it  will 
be  necessary  to  go  south  for  our  best  service. 


KEY  125 

Lesson  XII.    85 
84  Key.   Lesson  12 

Messrs.  Rogers  &  Denis, 

\^icksburg,  Pa. 
Sirs : — 

A  deal  of  the  utmost  importance  will  be  dis- 
cussed at  our  coming  Tuesday  talk,  and  it  is  our 
desire  to  see  all  today,  to  talk  on  this  subject. 

The  full  List  of  Wordsigns  and  Contractions,  found 
at  the  close  of  this  Key,  should  now  be  delivered  to  the 
student. 

When  an  outline  is  found  in  the  Key  shorthand,  which 
is  not  the  full  consonant  representation  of  a  word,  or  not 
in  the  position  prescribed  by  general  rules,  the  student 
should  refer  to  the  Complete  List,  and  find  and  mark  such 
word,  and  memorize  it.  Names  of  cities  may  not  be  in- 
cluded in  the  complete  list ;  and  attention  will  be  called  to 
other  special  contractions,  when  used. 

About  150  words,  contained  in  the  Complete  List,  and 
not  yet  presented,  are  used  in  the  remaining  exercises  of 
this  work.  The  full  list  may  be  learned  after  completion 
of  the  student's  course,  and  even  after  entering  short- 
hand employment.  It  should  then  be  thoroughly  mastered, 
if  the  student  is  ambitious  to  achieve  the  best  results. 

While  engaged  in  deciphering  Key  shorthand,  without 
the  typed  equivalent,  the  student  may  write  longhand  let- 
ters for  shorthand  outlines,  if  the  words  are  not  sug- 
gested by  the  outlines  and  context. 

Lesson  XIII.    92  Key 

92  Key.    Lesson  13 

Mt  Joel  Farley. 
Giles,  Dakota. 

Sir  :— 

I  am  going  to  the  city  on  Tuesday  next,  and 


126  KEY 

may  be  ready  to  fix  up  the  affairs  of  which  I  spoke 
today.  Say  to  Taylor,  if  he  will  go  and  see  the 
party  who  owns  the  team,  and  if  the  team  is  in 
shape  for  ready  use,  he  may  make  the  deal  and 
pay  the  money  to  Messrs.  Johnson  &  Capers.  The 
best  possible  should  be  expected,  and  the  team  must 
be  all  he  specifies,  because  no  delay  in  the  teaming 
must  be  allowed.  If  the  oxen  should  be  poor,  no 
deal  will  be  possible. 

Mr.   Jonas   Byers, 

126  Sloop  Ave., 
Chicago,  111. 
Dear  Sir: — 

The  first  thing  to  do  next  month  will  be  to  see 
the  party  who  owns  the  Fifth  Avenue  lots,  and 
give  him  our  best  possible  deal  for  same.  The 
money  will  be  ready  at  any  time  he  may  wish  to  fix 
up  the  deal. 

For  the  past  month  or  two  I  had  supposed 
Berry  and  Moore  to  be  ready  to  go  into  this  affair, 
but  it  seems  they  desire  to  stay  out,  as  they  may 
be  in  some  steer  shipping  business,  and  may  have 
to  arrange  for  a  large  sum  of  money,  to  move  a 
ship-load  at  a  time. 

I  suppose  the  business  Bailey  spoke  of  last 
Tuesday,  at  Salesville,  will  be  ready  for  him  to 
decide,  if  I  reach  Alabama  in  time  to  see  him. 

Give  my  best  wishes  to  Dill  and  Joseph. 

Lesson  XIV.    99  Key  • 

97  Key.    Lesson  14 
He  is  going,  and  he  should  be  on  his  way  soon. 


KEY  127 

99  Key.    Lesson  14 

Messrs.  Matthews,  Smith  &  Codv, 
Dallas. 

Gentlemen : — 

Business  is  so  quiet  here  this  season,  it  is  im- 
possible to  say  how  long  these  slack  times  may  go 
on.  Foley  says  there  are  many  folks,  west  and 
south  of  his  home,  who  should  be  busy,  and  who 
may  be  ready  to  leave  home  for  any  possible  ad- 
vantage. It  does  seem  feasible  to  move  these  to 
busier  scenes,  in  which  they  may  achieve  success. 
Some  improvements  are  going  up  here,  but  James 
says  there  are  so  many  to  do  the  work,  it  is  impos- 
sible to  engage  them  all. 


Lessox  X\\     105  Key 

105  Key.     Lesson  15 

Mr.  Jonas  Bessemer, 
Havana,  Cuba. 

Dear  Sir : — 

Lamar,  it  is  to  be  supposed,  will  be  an  important 
city.  I  expect  to  make  myself  at  ease,  if  business 
continues  to  improve  as  it  has  in  the  past  months. 
Parsons  may  be  here  soon,  if  his  folks  have  no 
object  in  seeking  to  keep  his  business  at  home. 


128  KEY 

Lesson  X\'I.    Ill  Key 
111  Key.     Lesson  16 

Messrs.  Ring  &  King, 
Bingham,  Neb. 

Gentlemen : — 

I  am  seeing  the  working  of  a  new  discing  ap- 
paratus, the  design  of  which  is  amusingly  confus- 
ing to  me.  It  may  be  I  am  too  slow  to  gather  the 
idea  the  party  designing  it  seeks  to  embody,  but, 
study  it  as  best  I  may,  it  eludes  my  capacity  to 
solve  its  peculiar  make-up. 

If  I  see  James  next  month,  I  will  take  him  to 
the  farm  and  show  him  our  new  tools. 

Lesson  XVII.    115  Key 
115  Key.     Lesson  \7 

Messrs.  Bagley  &  Majors, 
Roscoe,  N.  M. 

Sirs : — 

The  days  of  the  month  are  passing,  and  May 
will  soon  be  here,  and  the  services  of  a  boy  should 
be  had,  and  he  should  be  set  at  work  fixing  the 
fences.  The  repairing  of  the  posts,  and  the  stop- 
ping of  a  gap  or  two,  may  save  us  days  of  work 
in  the  summer  time.  Look  to  the  age  of  the  boy, 
and  his  size,  and  the  pace  he  sets  at  work,  and 
have  the  best. 


KEY  129 

Lesson  XVIII.     117  Key 

117  Key.     Lesson  18 

Messrs.  Palmer,  Lomax  &  Smith, 
Rogers,  Arizona. 

Sirs : — 

By  law,  no  roadmaster  may  be  forced  to  serve 
on  a  jury.  It  may  be  necessary  for  him  to  see 
the  judge,  or  the  judge  may  have  knowledge  of 
the  roadmaster's  work,  and,  if  so,  may  excuse  him, 
making  it  unnecessary  for  the  roadmaster,  Chase, 
to  go  to  see  him ;  but  it  may  be  best  for  Chase 
to  go  to  the  city  and  see  the  judge,  and,  should 
he  do  so,  he  should  have  no  fear  of  being  forced 
to  serve. 


Mr.  Jonas  Ballister, 
Sussex,  Pa. 

Dear  Sir: — 

Berry  was  here  today,  and  he  says  he  will  go 
to  see  the  Jester  farm,  by  Tuesday  next.  He  may 
be  averse  to  taking  up  the  two  pieces  this  summer, 
but  I  expect  him  to  fix  up  the  west  side  and  fence 
it  off,  so  our  stock  may  be  safe  on  the  Pearson 
farm. 

Atchley  Fellows  is  ready  to  go  to  work  and  till 
the  Fox  pasture,  sowing  it  to  oats,  and  he  should 
be  at  work  by  the  time  the  fences  are  in  fair  shape. 


130  KEY 

Lesson  XIX.     126  Key 

126  Key.     Lesson  19 

Messrs.  Tice  &  Dicey, 
De  Leon,  Texas. 

Gentlemen : — 

Our  stores  are  now  ready  for  the  new  summer 
business.  It  is  to  be  hoped  the  last  season's  busi- 
ness may  be  in  shape  so  the  adjuster,  who  may 
assist  us,  will  have  an  easy  time  in  pursuing  the 
task  of  adjusting  our  affairs. 


Lesson  XX.    131  Key 

131  Key.     Lesson  20 

Messrs.  Holly,  Hill  &  Hawes, 
Lehigh,  Pa. 

Gentlemen : — 

The  harness  came  by  steamship  Hidalgo,  and  is 
highly  satisfactory.  Hemphill,  and  Horace  Lahey, 
most  hurriedly  left  us.  They  hotly  deny  Haley's 
story  as  to  the  Higley  farm. 

I  am  now  heavily  buying  haystacks  to  ship  to 
the  war,  and  it  seems  impossible  to  take  time  to 
discuss  lesser  hobbies.  Several  heavy  horses  are 
now  ready  to  ship.  I  expect  to  see  them  off  by  the 
first  of  next  month,  possibly.  Hides  and  hoofs 
are  sought  for,  and  I  may  be  forced  to  see  Hazel 


KEY  131 

and  Hoyne  for  the  purpose  of  arranging  a  basis 
on  which  I  may  do  business  successfully,  in  case  I 
may  wish  to  engage  in  the  buying  and  selling  of 
these  things. 

Lesson  XXI.     140  Key 

140  Key.     Lesson  21 

Wiley  Weaver,  Esq., 
Weirbury,  Wash. 

Sir:— 

We  have  just  seen  the  new  swivel.  We  are 
satisfied  its  wearing  capacity  will  be  lasting. 

Lessox  XXII.    144  Key 

144  Key.     Lesson  22 

Messrs.  York  &  Weeks, 
Yarbro,  X.  Y. 

Gentlemen : — 

What  are  the  chances  for  us  to  see  and  talk 
with  the  young  folks  of  your  city,  next  week,  on  the 
subject  on  which  we  had  our  talks  last  week  ? 

Will  you  see  the  Baxter  boys,  and  ask  them  if 
you  may  expect  them  to  be  ready  to  help?  Have 
you  seen  the  Websters  since  coming  back  to  Unity  ? 

I  have  no  wish  to  see  you  lose  time  in  this 
way  uselessly.  You  must  keep  yourself  in  shape 
for  the  important  work. 


132  KEY 

Lesson  XXIII.     147  Key 
147  Key.     Lesson  23 

Watson  &  Winchester, 

Wight  Square,  Willis,  Utah. 
Gentlemen : — 

While  yon  are  in  the  west  will  you  have  the 
time  to  go  to  the  bookstore  of  Fox  &  Co.,  Wear- 
boro,  and  see  if  they  have  in  stock  the  works  of 
Cooper?  We  leave  tomorrow  for  the  New  Year 
holidays.     Success  to  you.  y  +     i  . 

Lesson  XXR^     153  Key 
153  Key.     Lesson  24 

Messrs.  Dewey  &  DeWitte, 

Sylvania,  N.  J. 
Gentlemen : — 

We  shall  be  at  work,  with  the  hope  to  equip 
our  quarry  with  the  best  moving  apparatus  possible, 
and,  with  this  object  in  view,  we  shall  be  seeking 
to  enlist  the  services  of  the  Bureau  of  Science. 
You  may  have  it  in  your  power  to  help  us  in  the 
task  of  compiling  copious  data,  advertising  widely 
and  in  various  ways.  You  may,  by  watching  and 
keeping  yourselves  well  to  the  fore,  utilize  much  of 
the  data  we  have  almost  ready  for  issue. 

Respectfully  yours, 

Messrs.  Dewey.  DeWitte  &  Dwight, 

Washtenaw,  Idaho. 
Sirs : — 

The  farriers  have  fixed  a  day  for  deciding  the 


KEY  133 

various  policies  to  force  the  furious  parties,  who 
oppose  them,  to  desist,  and  we  shall  be  on  the  road 
for  some  days  to  come,  working  for  the  welfare 
of  these  farriers.  Why  should  they  be  forced,  by 
those  who  seek  to  compel  them  to  waive  justice, 
and  seek  to  hamper  them? 

It  is  our  first  duty  to  teach  the  public  how  unfair 
are  the  ways  of  those  who  oppose  the  policies 
sought  to  be  fixed  and  enforced  by  the  farriers. 

You  may  be  satisfied  those  who  lead  in  this  are 
moving  slowly,  for  the  sake  of  peace,  but  with  no 
desire  to  succumb  to  wrong.  It  may  be  necessary 
to  work  for  days,  months,  and  may  be  for  years, 
but  our  cause  is  most  just,  and  we  shall  have 
satisfied  our  helpers,  and  also  our  foes,  (furious 
as  they  may  be,)  of  the  lack  of  fairness  and  justice 
of  those  who  may  be  opposing  us. 

Speaking  of  things  less  serious.  I  am  happy  to 
hear  of  the  success  of  work  on  behalf  of  the  new 
road  to  Fairview.  We  may  be  ready  to  use  it  by 
the  time  it  is  in  shape  for  continuous  use. 

I  hear  of  some  few  cases  of  pneumonia  at  Em- 
poria, but  its  attacks  are  said  to  be  followed  by  no 
serious  or  unsatisfactory  outcome. 

Note. — Pneumonia,  n-m-Yuh.  A  few  words,  of  very 
long  outlines,  may  be  shortened  without  regard  to  the 
list. 

Initial  loops  are  not  used  where  the  beginning  move- 
ment of  the  loop,  if  extended  in  a  straight  line  or  tangent, 
would  slant  to  the  left.  Loops  so  used,  in  the  older  Pit- 
manic  systems,  are  liable  to  take  circular  form,  in  rapid 
writing,  thus  resulting  in  serious  conflicts  of  outlines. 

Under  this  rule  k,  g,  n,  ng,  y,  h,  do  not  take  an  initial 
loop.  Initial,  and  joined  to  these  strokes,  Iss-t  (not  Steh) 
must  be  used  for  st;  and  Iss-tr  (not  Starr)  must  be  used 
for  sir. 


134  KEY 

Lesson  XXV.    158  Key 

158  Key.       Lesson  25 

Kansas  City  ^Manufacturing  Company, 
Kansas  City,  Kansas. 

Gentlemen : — 

You  are  hereby  given  power  to  finance  our  new 
advertising  company,  for  which  we  will  give  you 
the  most  satisfactory  backing.  The  business  men 
of  this  community  are  ready  to  utilize  anything  so 
far  in  advance  of  the  age  as  this  is  shown  to  be. 
They  have  confidence  in  the  capable  financiers  who 
give  money  to  equip,  and  time  to  work  out  a  safe 
basis  upon  which  this  company  may  do  a  large 
and  paying  advertising  business.  Our  wagons, 
manufactured  by  the  Abilene  company,  and  autos, 
by  the  Vinedge  folks,  are  ready  to  run,  and  we  will 
have  them  in  use  in  the  coming  season.  Lynn 
Bannister  will  be  with  us  before  long,  and  we 
expect  him  to  follow  up  our  opening  business  with 
success. 


Lessoxnt  XXVI.     166  Key 

166  Key.    Lesson  26 

Worcester  Banister  Company, 
Worcester,  Ark. 

Gentlemen : — 

Our  General  Agent  at  Sedalia  may  take  time  to 
see  you  when  he  runs  up  into  the  Ransom  com- 
munity, and  we  shall  advise  him,  when  he  sees  you. 


KEY  135 

to  run  up  your  banister  bills,  and  see  if  they  tally 
with  ours. 

We  may  construct  some  new  houses  by-and-by, 
and  the  stairways  and  banisters  are  to  be  of  Aran- 
sas style.  This  will  be  for  residences,  and  also  for 
business  houses.  He  will  take  pains  to  see  your 
styles,  and  scan  your  posts,  newels  and  banisters. 


Lesson  XXVII.     173 

170  Key.     Lesson  27. 

Lancaster  Stove  and  Range  Company, 
El  Paso,  Texas. 

Gentlemen : — 

We  have  just  been  in  conference  with  Lay  den 
Jones,  who  is  to  be  active  in  seeking  donations  for 
the  newly  constructed  Orphans*  Home  in  this  town. 
He  says  it  may  be  necessary  to  visit  towns  along 
the  lines  of  the  T.  &  P..  on  this  behalf.  He  says, 
the  way  he  construes  the  books,  the  running  ex- 
penses are  to  be  borne,  one-half  by  the  community 
in  which  the  Home  has  location,  and  one-half  by 
outside  givers.  He  may  visit  you  soon,  and  may 
ask  you  to  see  your  business  men  for  the  purpose 
of  gaining  aid  for  this  institution. 

By  the  way.  I  am  organizing  a  company  for  the 
sale  of  horses  and  mules.  Our  barns  lack  heating 
stoves,  and  if  you  can  help  me  with  such  advice  as 
you  may  be  willing  to  aid  me  with,  I  will  be  willing 
and  ready  to  defer  to  your  views. 


136  KEY 

172  Key.     Lesson  27 

Messrs.  Baxter  &  Listers, 

Physicians  &  Surgeons, 
Lancaster's  Store, 
Ohio. 
Sirs : — 

We  have  noticed  the  Biiel  decision,  in  the  case 
of  Jones  vs.  The  Association  of  Musicians  of  Tulsa, 
and  we  expect  to  be  ready  to  argue  a  motion  for 
rehearing,  on  a  day  soon  to  be  set.  It  may  be 
necessary  for  us  to  see  you  soon,  to  confer  on  this 
subject.  Will  you,  or  some  one  of  your  company, 
be  in  town  next  week?  If  so,  will  you  wire  me 
the  day  I  may  expect  to  see  you?  It  may  be  pos- 
sible to  reverse  this  last  decision,  upon  such  rehear- 
ing, and  we  have  confidence  in  the  efficiency  of  our 
law  representatives  here.  They  say  we  must  take 
all  possible  steps  to  have  the  most  forceful  showing 
on  this  occasion.  I  have  no  possible  means  of 
knowing  the  basis  for  this  last  decision,  before  I 
see  the  text  of  the  opinion,  which  I  will  have  in 
my  possession  next  Monday,  I  think,  or  by  Wednes- 
day at  the  farthest. 

You  may  rest  satisfied  of  the  success  of  our 
lawyers  in  the  case  of  Byers  vs.  Bunty,  because  the 
decisions  are  decisive.  If  you  wish  to  see  us  at 
any  time  on  this  subject,  we  will  always  be  ready  to 
aid  you  with  whatever  advice  or  help  it  may  be  in 
our  power  to  give  you. 

I  have  no  reason  to  fear  an  adverse  decision  of 
this  case. 

So  far  as  I  know,  and  have  information,  the 
Postal  Savings  Bank  case  will  be  up  for  decision 


KEY  137 

soon,  though  I  am  in  no  position  to  say  what  day 
it  may  be  taken  up. 

I  keenly  sympathize  with  your  Mr.  Moore,  in 
his  serious  condition. 


Lesson  XXVIII.    179  Key 

178  Key.     Lesson  28 

Mr.  Brigham  Carter, 
107  Frost  Avenue, 
Brooklyn,  N.  Y. 
Dear  Sir : — 

The  progress  of  our  investigations  into  the  cause 
of  the  growth  of  fungus  on  prickly  ash  trees,  has 
been  very  satisfactory  to  us. 

179  Key.    Lesson  28 

Messrs.  Pryor  &  Fry, 

Freeburg,  Calif, 
Gentlemen : — 

We  are  having  some  trouble  with  our  new  base- 
burners,  and  would  like  to  inquire  of  you  why  the 
principal  portion  of  the  coal  clogs  in  the  base,  with 
no  satisfactory  consumption  of  fuel.  We  are  apply- 
ing to  your  Mr.  Gordon,  to  see  if  he  can  cure  this. 

The  crops  are  in  very  fair  shape  here,  and  we 
hope  to  have  fine  times  when  the  wheat  and  corn 
shall  be  harvested.  If  you  can  visit  this  section  of 
the  territory,  we  may  be  able  to  see  you,  and  to 
tell  you  something  which  will  be  to  your  advantage. 
We  have  no  chance  to  leave  home  soon,  and  if  you 


138  KEY 

can  come  here  next  week,  we  should  prefer  to  see 
you,  say  on  Thursday  or  Friday.  Before  you  come, 
please  advise  us  when  we  may  expect  you,  and  we 
will  arrange  our  time  to  suit  you. 

Yours  respectfully. 


Lesson  XXIX.     185b 

Lesson  XXX.     190 

189  Key.     Lesson  30 

Creswell  Junction  Realty  Company, 
Bakerville,  Oregon. 

Dear  Sirs : — 

It  is  necessary  to  have,  at  once,  an  abstract  of 
the  title  to  the  farm  near  your  place,  so  we  may 
obtain  subscriptions  to  the  stock  of  the  newly  or- 
ganized farm  produce  company,  of  which  we  are 
managers.  Will  you  please  see  to  this  at  your  earli- 
est convenience,  and  mail  the  bill  to  us,  and  we 
will  agree  to  pay  same  with  no  delay.  File  all 
papers  necessary,  so  the  abstract  may  be  full.  The 
administratrix  of  the  Jones  property  makes  convey- 
ance to  the  heirs  of  Jones,  and  this  should  appear 
in  the  abstract. 

I  mispronouced  the  name  of  Tasker.  in  dicta- 
tion to  my  stenographer,  and  for  this  reason  there 
is  an  error  in  the  Paschal  conveyance.  Please  see 
to  this. 


KEY  139 

Lesson  XXXI.     194a 

193  Key.     Lesson  31 

Various  and  sundry,  v-r-Scs-n-dr.  This  is  a  phrase 
outline,  omitting  and. 

Messrs.  Wellington  &  Spooner, 
San  Francisco,  Calif. 

Dear  Sirs: — 

A  brisker  movement  is  noticeable  in  business 
circles,  and  flush  times  seem  to  be  as  near  as  we 
have  been  expecting  them  to  be,  or  nearer.  The 
most  satisfactory  conditions  appear  to  be  coming  to 
us,  and  we  shall  wish  to  be  in  commimication  with 
our  brokers  before  many  days  shall  have  passed, 
with  respect  to  the  movement  of  the  various  stocks 
now  controlled  by  us.  We  will  be  in  shape  to  take 
up  new  lines  when  affairs  shall  be  properly  fixed, 
so  we  can  settle  with  the  owners  of  these  stocks.  If 
you  are  in  position  to  settle  the  claim,  with  refer- 
ence to  which  we  advise  you  by  the  paper  here 
enclosed,  we  shall  be  very  much  pleased  to  hear 
from  you,  and  we  assure  you  of  our  most  earnest 
desire  to  do  all  we  can  to  aid  you  to  come  to  a 
satisfactory  basis  upon  which  to  settle. 

X'arious  and  sundry  affairs  hang  upon  your  deci- 
sion, and  we  wish  to  take  up  this  question  with 
our  principals,  and  be  able  to  tell  them  what  we  can 
do  with  respect  thereto. 

The  atmosphere  of  this  Western  Hemisphere 
seems  to  be  very  conducive  to  the  lengthening  of 
the  lives  of  the  native  born,  and  even  foreigners 
acknowledge  its  benign  influence. 


140  KEY 

Skillful  endeavor  to  adjust  business  relations 
satisfactorily,  serves  to  preserve  the  satisfactory- 
transaction  of  business.  I  incline  to  believe  it  pos- 
sible to  arrange  all  these  affairs,  with  no  suit  to 
impair  the  pleasures  of  living.  We  hope  we  may 
be  able  to  continue  our  service  to  you,  as  in  the 
past,  but  we  must  also  endeavor  to  be  true  to  others 
who  repose  confidence  in  us,  and  therefore  we  urge 
you  so  earnestly  to  try  to  come  to  terms  with  those 
whose  affairs  we  have  in  our  control. 

Any  communication  you  may  wish  to  make  to 
us  will  have  our  careful  attention. 

Yours  truly. 


Lesson  XXXII.    202  Key 
198  Key.     Lesson  32 

Messrs.  Tankersley  &  Pinkerton, 

Anchor  Cove, 
Wyoming. 
Dear  Sirs : — 

Burglars  entered  the  Pinkerton  chambers  yes- 
terday, and  stole  a  large  number  of  handkerchiefs, 
belonging  to  Fender  and  Linterton.  Later  they 
ventured  back  into  the  city  and  were  taken  by  the 
police.  One  gave  voluntary  testimony  against  his 
fellows,  and  all  were  committed  for  trial,  with  the 
exception  of  the  volunteer.  The  handkerchiefs  were 
in  the  possession  of  the  gang,  and  were  taken  by 
the  officers,  who  will  deliver  same  to  the  owners. 

Yours  truly, 


141 


202  Key.    Lesson  32 

Messrs.  Ponder  &  X^ictor, 
Bankers, 

Slaughtersville,  Minn. 

Gentlemen : — 

We  are  having  some  lingering  hope  of  the  re- 
turn of  our.  check,  lost  day  before  yesterday  in  the 
city,  where  we  had  gone  to  render  our  corporation 
property  for  taxation.  We  gave  you  notice  of  the 
loss  of  this  check,  by  wire,  as  soon  as  we  discovered 
the  loss,  and  should  any  dishonest  person  oflfer  it 
at  your  windows,  please  have  the  proper  officers 
arrest  the  offender. 

The  telegraph  operator,  here  tells  me  he  ten- 
dered conveyance  of  the  Printers'  Addition  prop- 
erty back  to  the  grantors,  on  the  basis  of  the  orig- 
inal proposition,  but  same  was  refused.  This  ful- 
fills all  our  duty  in  the  premises,  and  we,  are  pre- 
paring necessary  data  with  which  to  encounter  any 
adverse  move  of  these  criminal  conspirators. 

The  Luther  Bindery  Company,  book  binders, 
Shafter,  Arizona,  advise  us  of  changes  now  going 
on  in  their  factory  there,  the  installation  of  new 
machinery  and  office  furniture,  involving  large  ex- 
pense and  very  much  labor,  and  they  desire  an  ex- 
tension of  the  paper.  Their  request  seems  reason- 
able, and  we  hope  you  will  be  able  to  accede  to  it. 

Yours   truly, 


142  KEY 

Lesson  XXXIII.    206b 

Lesson  XXXIV.     213a 
208  Key.     Lesson  34 

Messrs.  Hungerford  &  Peterson, 

Planters, 

Patterson,  W.  Va. 
Gentlemen : — 

We  understand  you  have  planted  a  vast  acreage 
in  cotton  this  season.  We  are  open  to  competitive 
propositions  for  linters,  in  bales,  in  carload  lots. 
The  propriety  of  appropriate  classification,  of 
course,  is  manifest,  and  we  can  give  advantageous 
terms  to  the  bidder  whose  prices  may  be  most 
favorable,  and  classification  most  accurate.  We 
hope  to  be  able  to  render  good  service  to  our  pa- 
trons, and  only  wish  reasonable  returns  on  our  busi- 
ness. 

Better  times  are  near,  and  the  great  preponder- 
ance of  the  evidence  is  in  favor  of  a  material  ad- 
vance in  prices  of  linters  and  other  cotton  products. 
The  factories  are  returning  to  full  time,  and  cotton 
operators  are  active. 

Very  truly  yours, 

212  Key.    Lesson  34 

Messrs.  Littleton  &  Bidwell, 

Undertakers, 
Middleton,  Vt. 
My  Dear  Sirs: — 

If  you  have  in  stock  silver  handles  and  hinges, 


KEY  143 

please  quote  me  lowest  prices  at  sea-board,  for  one 
light  carload  lot.  I  have  little  confidence  in  the 
wonderfully  cheap  rates  recently  advertised  by 
parties,  whose  wild  claims  evidently  are  used  for 
credulous  patrons  to  put  their  trust  in.  I  do  not 
care  to  patronize  these  claimants.  I  am  getting 
tired  of  wonders  in  advertising,  and  have  long  pre- 
ferred, as  I  do  now,  to  contract  with  reputable  firms, 
of  long  standing  and  good  repute. 

In  a  little  while  I  expect  to  be  ready  to  establish 
a  business  here  in  Midland,  and  therefore  would  be 
glad  to  hear  from  you.  I  have  no  doubt  we  can 
make  arrangements  with  your  establishment,  for 
business  that  will  give  flattering  returns,  and  upon 
such  basis  that  w'e  may  render  each  other  good 
service.  It  is  quite  needful  for  us  to  have  exact 
data,  in  order  that  we  may  be  able  to  get  our  stock 
bought  and  sold  within  reasonable  time  limits. 

Yours  very  truly, 


Lesson  XXX\'.     215  Key 
215  Key.     Lesson  35 

Messrs.  Dotson  &  Dodson, 

Hubbardstown  Hardware  Company, 
Higgins,  Ky. 
Dear  Sirs: — 

We  need,  at  once,  a  description  of  the  land 
described  as  located  under  headright  certificate  No. 
42.  'Harrison  heirs.  If  you  can  see  Hudson,  of  the 
firm  of  Hutcheson  &  Hudson,  Hightower  Valley, 
will  you  tell  him  to  send  us,  by  return  mail,  this 


144  KEY 

information,   and   that   we    will   pay   upon   receipt 
of  the  bill  for  such  service. 
Hot  days  are  here. 

Yours  hastily, 

Outlines  representing  nouns. — Reference  is  here  made 
to  instruction  in  Lesson  1,  of  this  Key,  authorizing  the 
omission  of  vowels,  except  those  aiding  in  the  designation 
of  nouns,  after  study' and  practice.  That  instruction  should 
be  still  heeded,  with  this  amendment :  After  the  study  and 
practice  there  enjoined,  the  student  should  omit  vowels, 
including  the  vowels  of  nouns  if,  after  due  consideration, 
it  is  decided  that  such  omission  would  not  cause  a  conflict 
between  two  nouns  of  the  same  outline  and  not  dis- 
tinguishable by  context.  For  example :  ship  and  shop 
would  not  conflict  if  the  matter  being  written  pertained 
exclusively  to  shipping,  or  shopping. 

Referring  to  the  letter  to  Messrs.  Dotson  &  Dodson, 
215  Key  (for  further  example),  after  due  practice  upon 
the  shorthand  written  in  full,  the  proper  names  may  be 
considered  as  familiar  names  to  the  stenographer,  and 
the  separately  written  vowels  omitted ;  and  it  may  be  de- 
cided readily  that  none  of  the  common  nouns,  in  the  body 
of  the  letter,  need  vocalization. 

No  other  rule  can  be  devised,  covering  this  matter, 
than  the  rule  referring  it  to  the  intelligent  consideration 
and  judgment  of  the  stenographer,  who,  whenever  in 
doubt,  should  take  the  safer  course,  and  vocalize. 


Lesson  XXXVI.     219  Key 

219  Key.     Lesson  36 

Messrs.  Armstrong  &  Harmsworth, 
Rumbolt,  N.  C. 

My  Dear  Sirs  : — 

I  wrote  you  on  yesterday  with  reference  to  the 
reimbursement   of   certain   over-remittances,   made 


KEY  145 

through  error  of  our  remittance  clerk.  If  you  can- 
not easily  verify  our  claim,  we  will  send  you  Mr. 
Reimer's  statement,  with  vouchers. 

In  recent  rambles  to  remote  parts,  I  have  heard 
rumors  that  certain  of  the  roomers,  occupying 
apartments  in  different  compartments  of  the  Sea 
View  House,  are  dissatisfied  with  the  view  over  the 
ramparts,  and  desire  to  shift  to  some  other  loca- 
tion. 

The  daughter  of  the  editor  of  The  Farm  and 
Forum  is  one  of  these  who  are  not  contented  with 
the  outlook.  She  says  she  will  be  compelled  to  va- 
cate, and  effect  other  arrangements  for  herself  and 
friends.  I  hope  you  may  be  able  to  satisfy  these 
whose  feelings  seem  to  be  rumpled. 

Yours  truly, 


Messrs.  Burkholder  &  Flaxman, 
Thunder  Bay,  Wis. 

My  Very  Dear  Friends : — 

I  am  interested  somewhat  in  the  Association  of 
Lumber  Merchants,  of  your  neighborhood,  and  wish 
to  secure  all  possible  information  with  regard  to 
their  present  plans.  If  consistent,  will  you  ascer- 
tain when  their  next  meeting  is  to  be  held,  and  let 
us  know  by  phone  or  wire,  at  once.  There  is  no 
matter  of  greater  importance  to  us  than  this,  and 
this  information  will  be  appreciated. 

Truly  yours, 


146  KEY 


Lesson  XXXVII.     222  Key 
222  Key.     Lesson  27 

Messrs.  Peterson,  Harrison  &  Patterson, 
Philadelphia,  Pa. 

Gentlemen : — 

More  and  more  we  have  been  impressed,  from 
day  to  day,  with  the  desire  to  inquire  of  you  if  you 
have  been  successful  in  your  quest  of  the  consump- 
tion remedy,  about  which  you  entertained  great 
hopes  from  year  to  year.  It  would  not  be  amiss 
to  seek  means  of  testing  this  cure,  and  had  it  not 
been  for  my  extreme  pre-occupation,  it  would  have 
been  my  pleasure  and  good  fortune  to  have  assisted 
you  more  than  I  have  been  able  to  do,  in  this  work. 
It  had  almost  escaped  my  mind  that  you  have  been, 
from  day  to  day  and  month  to  month,  in  the  recent 
past,  engaged  with  the  professors  of  the  University, 
and  today  I  heard  of  your  experiments  with  rabbits 
and,  to  put  it  very  mildly,  I  am  jubilant.  I  have 
to  congratulate  you  on  the  results,  and  to  thank 
you  for  having,  in  a  measure,  kept  me  posted. 

By  all  means  try  to  expedite  this  investigation. 
The  trial  of  the  serum  I  hope  will  prove  an  abun- 
dant success. 

Try  to  be  at  our  meeting  next  week. 

Cordially  yours. 


KEY  147 

i  Lesson  XXXVIII.    225  Key 

225  Key.     Lesson  38 

John  J.  Wiseman, 
Seagoville, 

Ontario,  Canada. 

My  Dear  Friend: — 

I  am  tempted,  mostly  by  intelligence  received 
upon  recent  investigation,  to  invest  in  municipal 
bonds  of  your  Northwestern  towns.  I  have  become 
a  convert  to  the  fact  that  your  complete  equipment 
for  business,  and  your  favorable  business  connec- 
tions, command  the  utmost  confidence  of  the  gen- 
eral public. 

If  you  cannot  accommodate  me  with  a  condi- 
tional loan,  I  shall  have  to  confine  my  operations 
within  the  contracted  limits  prescribed  by  our  Fi- 
nance Committee.  However,  I  confess  my  ardent 
desire  to  have  you  connected  with  this  venture, 
though  I  am  cognizant  of  a  circumstance  which 
may  control  your  position  with  reference  to  this 
movement. 

If  convenient,  write  me  fully  about  the  expected 
exposure  of  the  enemies  of  the  Exposition.  It  is 
considered  here  that  we  have  been  too  considerate 
of  those  who  exert  an  influence  so  contrary  to  the 
best  interests  of  the  Association. 

Fraternally  yours, 


148  KEY 

Lesson  XXXIX.     228  Key 

228  Key.    Lesson  39 

Compliance  with  this  request,  pl-ns-ths-r-kst.  This  is 
a  phrase  outhne,  omitting  with. 

General  Attorneys,  gn-t-ns. — A  special  contraction. 
Gen.  Freight  Agent,  gn-ft-gnt. — A  special  contraction. 

John  Kay,  Esq., 

Supt.  Wabash-Western, 
Toledo,  O. 

Dear  Sir: — 

I  hand  you  herewith  claim  for  one  carload  of 
apples,  alleged  to  have  been  damaged  by  delay  in 
transit  from  Toledo  to  New  York  City,  B/L  at- 
tached. We  defend  against  this  claim  upon  the 
ground  that  the  shipper  requested  stoppage  in  tran- 
sit, and  no  further  delay  occurred  than  in  compli- 
ance with  this  request.  I  do  not  believe,  under  the 
rules  of  the  Interstate  Commerce  Commission,  we 
are  liable  for  this  damage.  The  request  for  stop- 
page in  transit  was  also  OK'd  by  the  consignee,  as 
well  as  by  the  consignor.  Thus  the  party  of  the 
first  part  and  party  of  the  second  part,  to  the  con- 
tract of  sale,  appear  to  be  bound  by  their  own  act, 
and,  to  bind  the  matter  more  rigidly,  the  waiver  in 
the  contract  of  shipment  seems  to  be  conclusive. 

In  the  opinion  of  our  General  Attorneys  we  are 
without  fault  in  this  matter. 

Yours   respectfully, 


Gen.  Freight  Agent. 


KEY  1^ 

Lesson  XL.    231  Key 
231  Key.    Lesson  40 

Felix  McCafFrey, 

Hospital  Steward, 

]\Iurphreesboro,  Tenn. 
Dear  Sir : — 

We  especially  desire  to  see  you  about  supplies 
for  the  coming-  year,  and  contemplate  a  material 
modification  of  our  former  contract. 

By  judicious  management  our  vineyards  have 
responded  to  more  enlightened  methods,  and  we  are 
convinced  that  your  hospital  supplies  may  be  secured 
from  us  with  much  greater  economy  than  from 
others.  You  may  go  farther  and  fare  much  worse. 
It  has  been  judicially  determined,  after  judicious 
investigation,  that  the  stratification  of  our  soil  is 
most  conducive  to  healthy  growth  and  bearing.  We 
protect  our  products  with  great  care,  and  we  predict 
that  the  future  VviH  give  us  even  better  results, 
under  present  aspects,  than  the  past. 

Very  truly  yours. 

Lesson  XLL    240  Key 
240  Key.     Lesson  41 
Interurban,  nt-bn. — A  special  contraction. 

Bismark  Interurban  Ry  Co., 

Bismark,  Idaho. 
Dear  Sirs : — 

I  have  invented  a  very  convenient  power-brake. 
It  is  quite  simple  in  construction  and  efficient  in 


ISO  KEY 

service.  The  brake  beam,  especially,  is  of  unique 
design  and  of  very  great  strength.  Should  you  wish 
to  investigate  this  invention  and  its  workings,  you 
may  let  me  know  when  it  would  be  most  convenient 
for  you  to  spend  a  little  time  with  me,  for  the  pur- 
pose of  this  investigation. 

Yours  respectfully, 


Lesson  XLII.      249 
248  Key.     Lesson  42 

Connecticut  Discount  Association, 

Beersfield,  Conn. 
Gentlemen : — 

Disconcerting  news  of  the  decomposition  of  for- 
ar;e  products,  has  just  reached  us.  We  recognize 
the  magnitude  of  this  disaster,  to  which  it  is  hard 
to  become  fully  reconciled.  Many  farmers  may 
have  to  go  unrecompenscd  for  their  incomparably 
hard  labor,  and  interminable  complications  may  arise. 
Interlocking  interests,  of  farm  and  mercantile  life, 
may  cause  incongruous  results.  Misconception  of 
tlie  true  conditions  may  be  very  difficult  to  recon- 
cile ;  and,  being  so  irreconcilable,  why,  it  may  be 
necessary  to  reconstruct  all  our  plans,  and  introduce 
new  methods  of  interchange. 

Intermixed  with  all  these  disconnected  and  dis- 
cordant conditions,  will  be  the  considerations  of 
individual  safety,  interdicting  freedom  of  business 
enterprise.  Very  incomplete  returns  leave  us  in 
doubt  as  to  the  proper  course  to  recommend,  but 
judicious  investigation  must  be  conducted,  with  a 
view  to  reconciling  conditions,  the  evils  of  which 


KEY  151 

may  be  greatly  magnified.  Therefore  we  are  in- 
clined to  be  slow  in  action,  in  connection  with  these 
contradictory  reports. 

Yours  truly, 


XLIII.    258  Key 
258  Key.    Lesson  43 

Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe,  chs-nts-nt. — A  special 
contraction. 

Atchison.  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  Railway  Company, 

Local  Agent, 

Giles  Point,  Kansas. 
Dear   Sir : — 

You  may  say  to  whomsoever  seeks  information 
that  I  commend  the  carefulness  of  your  manage- 
ment and  the  serviceableness  of  assistants.  Famil- 
iarity with  the  methods  of  your  business  dealings 
and  the  facility  with  which  you  handle  same  con- 
tribute greatly  to  the  popularity  of  the  line. 

Very  truly  yours, 

Lesson  XLI\'.  268  Key 
263  Key.     Lesson  44 

^Ir.  Alexander  Nash, 

Algonac,  Wis. 
Dear  Sir : — 

In  the  alembic  of  elementary  composition  it 
would  be  practically  an  impossibility  to  treat  all  ele- 
ments alike,  however  desirable  such  consummation 


152  KEY 

might  be,  and  must  elect  a  few  words  only,   for 
illustration. 

Par.  268b.  Sanitorium,  Iss-ntr-Yeh. — Vocalized  by 
striking  dash  through  stroke,  in  analogy  with  L-  and  R- 
hook  vocalization,  par.  184. 

268  Key.     Lesson  44 

Kalamazoo  Compress  Company 

Kalamazoo,  Mich. 
Gentlemen : — 

We  are  just  in  possession  of  news  from  Alham- 
bra,  Mass.,  by  special  messenger,  to  the  effect  that 
passengers  on  the  Michigan  lines  impartially  give 
their  evidence  in  the  case  of  the  Rush  Savings  Bank 
vs.  The  Algonac  and  Elk  Valley  line,  with  reference 
to  bridge  defects,  and  to  the  usage  with  regard  to 
the  tops  of  bridges. 

Yours  truly, 


LessOxX  XLV.     277a 
273  Key.     Lesson  45 

Massachusetts  Improvement  Company, 

Haverhill,  Mass. 
Gentlemen : — 

The  masonry  for  the  new  Masonic  Temple,  at 
Adamson  Junction,  is  nearing  completion,  and  we 
write  you  to  send  us  catalog  of  modern  furniture. 
Without  seeming  to  be  unseemly  and  inconsiderate 
in  our  desire  to  lessen  the  cost  of  this  furniture, 
yet  we  feel  both  permitted  and  impelled  to  avoid 
unlimited  expenditure,  because  our  financial  prob- 


KEY  153 

lems  are  unsolved,  and  our  pathway  is  not  strewn 
with  roses.  We  have  been  cautioned  and  petitioned 
that  this  matter  should  not  be  rushed,  and  we 
therefore  exercise  circumspection,  in  view  of  our 
unsettled  condition.  When  the  elementary  work 
shall  have  been  finished,  we  can  unload  that  care 
from  our  shoulders,  and  when  we  shall  have  cashed 
some  outstanding  obligations  due  us,  we  shall  feel 
at  liberty  to  take  this  matter  up  for  early  action. 

Yours  truly, 

276  Key.     Lesson  45 

Disappointment,  ds-pnt-nt. — Where  mnt  may  not  be 
joined  for  the  suffix  ment,  that  suffix  may  be  denoted  by 
nt,  joined,  as  in  disappointment,  measurement,  etc. 

Messrs.  Dobbins  &  Boyden, 
Sulphur  Springs, 
Wichita  Co.,  Ark. 

Dear  Sirs: — 

I  have  just  finished  the  two  houses,  for  which 
you  furnished  the  material  and  electrical  appli- 
ances. 

The  insulation  has  loosened,  and  I  have  taken 
counsel  with  electricians,  who,  taking  into  con- 
sideration the  insecure  condition  of  electric  wires, 
and  the  unscrewed  fastenings,  unreservedly  declare 
that  it  is  necessary  to  replace  the  same  with  better 
wire  and  better  insulation,  according  to  the  pen- 
ciled sketch  enclosed.  1  cannot  conceal  my  dis- 
appointment at  the  faulty  construction  shown,  and 
the  lessened  value  of  the  houses  in  consequence 
thereof.    I  would  not  be  inconsiderate  in  this  matter, 


154  KEY 

and  therefore  I  ask  that  you  come  at  once  and 
make  examination  of  this  matter,  and  at  once 
thereafter  rectify  these  faults  of  construction,  in 
accordance  with  the  incontrovertible  terms  of  the 
contract.  The  penalties  named  in  the  contract  may 
be  invoked,  but  I  do  not  wish  to  punish  anybody 
for  errors  that  are  curable,  if  they  are  promptly 
cured.  Please  let  me  hear  from  you  by  return  mail. 
This  is  a  disconcerting  occurrence,  and  speedy  rep- 
aration should  be  made 

Yours  truly, 

Lessox   XL\^I.     285b 

Lessor  XLVII.     287b 

Lesson  XLVIII.     288  Key 
288  Key.     Lesson  48 

Two  rules  of  the  reporter  are  exemplified  in  288  Key. 

First. — The  Brief  W  or  Brief  Y  enlarged. 

(a).  A  Brief  W  wordsign,  enlarged,  adds  another 
Brief  W  signword ;  as  with,  with  what;  we,  we  were,  we 
would;  what,  what  we;  what  would;  would,  would  we. 

(b).  A  Brief  Y  wordsign,  enlarged,  adds  another 
Brief  Y  or  Brief  W  signword ;  as  you,  you  were,  you 
would;  yet,  yet  you,  yet  your. 

(c).  A  Brief  W  wordsign,  enlarged  and  tipped,  so 
that  a  line,  striking  the  points,  would  slant  to  the  left,  adds 
a  Brief  Y  signword ;  as  would,  would  you,  would  your; 
were,  were  you,  were  your;  with,  with  you,  with  your; 
what,  what  you,  what  your. 

Second.— Strokes  used  in  writing  state,  know,  say, 
remember,  if  lengthened,  such  lengthening  adds  whether; 
as  state,  state  whether;  say,  say  whether;  know,  know 
whether;  remember,  remember  whether;  and  an  N-hook, 
added,  is  to  be  read  after  the  lengthening;  and  the  length- 


KEY  155 

ning  and  hook  indicate  whether  or  not;  as  state  whether 
or  not,  knozv  whether  or  not,  etc. 

288  Key.     Lesson  48 

JEROME  SMITH  recalled  and  further  cross 
examined  by  Mr.  Jones. 

O.  With  what  did  you  expect  to  unfasten  the 
doors  ? 

A.  We  were  expecting  to  use  keys,  such  as  we 
would  find  at  hardware  stores,  though  we  were 
confident  the  doors  would  not  be  locked. 

Q.  You  say  you  were  expecting  to  use  keys, 
yet  you  went  there  with  your  jimmies  in  your  sack. 
Why  would  you  take  your  tools  along  if  you  ex- 
pected you  would  not  have  to  use  them?  Would 
you  have  used  the  tools  if  you  were  unable  to  find 
keys  to  fit? 

A.  We  were  not  carrying  the  tools  for  that 
purpose. 

Q.  What  would  be  the  use  of  carrying  the 
tools  then?  State  whether  or  not  you  were  talking 
this  matter  over  as  you  were  going  to  the  house? 

A.  We  were  not  talking  it  over  at  all.  We  did 
not  know  whether  the  liouse  was  locked,  or  any  of 
the  rooms.    Jim  was  expecting — 

Mr.  Brotvn. — Your  Honor,  we  would  not  be 
bound  by  what  Jim  was  expecting,  and  we  object 
to  the  statement  as  immaterial. 

The  Court. — I  sustain  the  objection. 

EXCEPTION  for  the  defendant.  Mr.  Jones. — 
To  which  the  defendant  excepts,  if  your  Honor 
please. 

Q.  (By  Mr.  Jones)  I  do  not  remember 
whether  or  not  I  asked  you  about  the  doors  being 


156  KEY 

fastened  with  bars.  With  what  were  the  doors 
fastened  ? 

A.  One  or  two  were  barred,  and  others  fastened 
with  locks. 

CROSS  EXAMINATION  by  Mr.  Brown. 

Q.     Why  were  your  tools  in  the  auto  ? 

A.  Beause  Jim  had  used  them  the  day  before, 
and  hadn't  taken  them  home.  He  intended  to  leave 
them  at  home  on  his  return  from  town. 


WORDSTGNS   AND    CONTRACTIONS 

THE  COMPLETE  LIST  OF  WORDSIGNS 
AND  CONTRACTIONS  OCCUPIES  THE 
FOLLOWING    TABULATED    PAGES.     ^T 


WORDSIGNS   AND   CONTRACTIONS 


157 


..--• 

..  ^-_adffftat4{«ou*l7 

.  ^..ud  of 

.  f.  .apffopplaU 

.  ^..%b%lHj 

...l.^ftrtil* 

ud  >h«t 

../..apprcprtttiw 

. . .  ^bmt 

-.1.  ^TtrtiKd 

.  .  ■>.  *nd  TCuU 

.7.   apprer^ 

_/_«ktlr«ct 

—  L — *«l»trli««r 

AfiniiAl.ly 

_^apppo»»d 

.A  .  ^UXrtcUi 

|^^,.r...iac 

.■■. <«Both«r 

-7   apprMtl 

./.  .abitrtctor 

-k'*'"""="' 

»ali«.-l7 

.   (^japproiUaU 

.  /•  xopl 

.    J  .»f t»p 

UJ 

.aS  »p?MiU«lloa 

. .  ^  ft«ctpUd 

,.  ^.^tirnrd 

_"~t  •nrbodjr 

yl<".appr«aU»l«l7 

..  4   uciplitin 

.-^.*s»ot; 

rT.Mj*« 

.^...r. 

_.  A  Mciptue* 

.C..*fA 

...  W17  other 

.  ^.  .art  «ot 

.  .  ..uciltat 

..'..til 

. .  .  .ugrUiof 

yfl.  at  Ur 

t 
....  .aecii»Ul-lj 

tccouot 

«11  Ul» 

~y.Mi  mj 

.  •.>« 

alaoil 

.  t<^  .kaj^Tt 

...>.*«  It 

r^.tckoe«l»d{5*ot 

»lr..l» 

? 
*pp*artae« 

...^_a«tael«k-«4 
..^?.»»tB»lel■«t 

.   ftequai&l-*d 

,O..U, 

1 
appund 

...p.. .at  aU 

^  •cqu4iaUae« 

•Uh«<b 

d  *''""•• 

...^.^t  flral 

..^..MlMl-lj 

ftlTCJ* 

.  -A  *pplle»blt 

..f...t  lut 

..l.>4«l«l»Ur 

.     —  J« 

.^..appliuat 

at  Init 

1    j4«liiHlrtUM 

.  -->.  .u  sal 

.^*W>li»U« 

..p.jt  ltn«U 

«tuu J... 

.J....t«. 

«tUlaMst.U.. 
.  .L^.*taaawat 

.l--^-l.  II 

./•—•pplf 

.!_•   UslslitriUU 

-    •  .  t« 

.  . .  .«ppr*h«n* 

3 

-J--**  — 

.  /.  .*4>»t>f  • 

.   ...•o4 

n  .  .apprvhaosioa 

.l...t.u. 

. .  y.  _ftd«aBtftS*o*>* 

.    j_»l>4  b*i> 

.  *  ^.»ppr«h«nal»# 

-3--'-°" 

158 


WORDSIGNS    AND   CONTRACTIOXS 


,  t->.  .»luiimenl 

Z^  .b.CM.. 

^— •crefulnoij 

X-  -confir«ed 

lugbt 

because 

c—  o  careleesnees 

-■^"Iconfora 

?. -lulhoritj 

^t/.  -  -been 

-   ^--Celbollc 

,  -_ -Conformed 

•ulboriz* 

1/ 
behind 

^ts^CEtbollcit. 

-■rrcoilfor«.ble 

_l-_auU 

.  /--before 

-(».  xilhollcity 

-L.Conneelic.t 

_  ><^»erage-d 

award 

belvecD 

Tb  -c.tholociM 

coneequence 

. beyond 

-/t.c.Ule 

.  -  .  -coneequenl 

-  /?-  _a«ar« 

/ 

bodjr 

^-co.,.„io„ 

conee;uentUl 

-/--•-» 

-'! -build 

-  '/.-cociprehend-ed 

. consequently 

1 
»»• 

.-/-builder 

; 

i^-  -cooFrebeRsion 

-1- -consider 

.  -V;  building 

-  -/Icomfrehensiee 

..^-consid.rebl.-ly 
.    --.conflderate 

.^.,Uck«ra 

IniU 

-r::?Coiice.l 

6-'"' 

-l--bul                    / 

•by  whet 

.  i-  -conclude-ed 

.  -  ^-considerately 

.^b.n..r 

.LjSr'-Celifornie 

.  .  _  _cocditioa 

..^.ccn,:d.r..U.n 

./...kinirufl 

^ .  -cere 

._  .*^-ccn9;d<;red 

-  / btnkrtirlcj 

.    /.btptijo 

.—1  -  c«n 

.  y--condilioMl 

—o 

=ona:at-ed 

-r|  -  -conditioned 

-f-.consialency 

.-/j.pUil 

-:^_c«.a 

~~^—    ;onducl-ed 

coosialen'. 

./--Uplialio 

._^-cepable-ly 

conductor 

eonaistent.y 

V^-UpUilrx 

-/Z-cep«bilitJ 

.  .1.  xonf  id»nl 
-  y  -confident 

A  .conttanl 

^  .b.ptl» 

. cejt.ln 

—7 

-  {"^constantly 

~)  -  -constancy 

./.b. 

.^.-C« 

-j^-confidenti»l-ly 

b«.uUful 

.  c — -  -cere 

-.j^-con/idently 

constitute-ed 

.  .  .-b.«uUfT 
\itnij 

.  c-.  -cired 

-c— =*.  -cweful-ly  ■ 

.  >K-conJini 
-~Z._conXir»ed 

--^-«on«tltutlo» 
-fyrTconatitulionel 

WORDSIGNS    AND   CONTRACTIONS 


159 


.  fr-.  _coulltutUn«lil7 

./.  .conemu.nl        j, 
constiluencx-  .^.  . 

coastru«-ed 


■4 


•correctly 
.'roC  .corr»%pond-«d 
^^^correspoodents 
.F»7?. correspondent 

eoold 

.^.council 


_couater 

oounterect 

, ^county 
."--cpUinel-ly 

crois  ei&aice 

._— croes  •xaaiced 

J_dmg»r 
.^.dingeroui 

.->J_-d»ngerouel7 
,  I.—-  da/  tiae 

1    , 

dear 

*~^  ..December 
.. I defendant 

X 

delinquency 

J 

delinquent 

..t.. depot 


-\ 


.  .deputt 
.  -dvputix* 

d.:uij 

b.-j 
diacriptioE 

d«leraloe-kUo 


d. 


.l\_  _det«rBiD«d 

did  not 

l-_diff»r-ed-«nc» 
-•nt 

tr—ratfrtniUl-lj 
« —  difficull-j 
.1  .  .dir«t 
..v.. direction 
1...direct,d 

.J-i -direct  «xMin«tlon     J_4o  not 
1 


y.  .di«trib 


C/.  -ditlributiT. 

-. distribbtory 

\ 

.  C-  -diitriliuli.-n 
.- .  .  district 

.diitricl  cour 
-  V-  -di.turb 
y.  di»turb«cc» 
-  \l/  -disturbod 
l^.diillnot 
U-^  .diitinctiTo 
Ld.  Jistinction 
.r-^-distinetly 

I  -.do 
..  t.-do«i 


-  yt>  -di  sftdvantago 
-X  -disadT»nt«£«ou 
•^~7-  -diicropancy 
L--.di«»aliaf  actio 


fiad 

-disaaliafy 

I    *> 
.  9*-^  -diatineoiah-od 

.tinguiahablt 

.diatrlbuta-d 


dollar 

...  I  ..downv&rd 

.."I  .  .dta'alion 

.-l-.dnrioc 

.j^aalarly 

.J-  .aaatara 


160 


WORDSIGNS    AND   CONTRACTIONS 


tUit\ncj 

--_««1«* 

-0--Mp«ri*oc« 

yi.Ue\ 

MbukMDi 

-tf~\-*s*«pl* 

-A.JU^t\mt.\ 

>U^ulllU' 

r?-*Bi>««ic4 

--  -«XAiF«r«U'd 

.i^.  upUiB 

/N<?MillwHj 

.O-w, 

.A--«»sp*rktica 

-lA.  -upUiM4 

Al  tuiUuit; 

■  ^..iHlini 

<r->^iMp:ific»ti<i» 

.</l-«spluMtioa 

>k-**" 

.^r_l»flirt 

-«rj-«i«p:ify 

^/l  -asplcr* 

.  -^  J.Tor 

lagUlhMB-MB 

/■-  .•iplor*d 

-  -_  f»Tor«4 

.>f.jni,n» 

.^^iplonUon 

_  _7-f  «tor«bl«-ly 

.-__«a«,w 

rf^_HMfll0» 

_  6..«lpr»i» 

—  Jjt^ntrj 

.  J~7L  -tnlariva^Bi 

./e^iMpi-.* 

..Z-nprasMi 

.'-.tirtK. 

.TJ.-iaUrUia 

..^.^lupUcs 

_  2/--*«I'»»aS=o 

.    J..t« 

.~0..nUrUiB«4 

.r7r^,el>»Bg»-d 

.-4-  Jlpr«*iiv* 

-  f-  Stimn 

.rU^aUrUiiMst 

.  .^^ichucwbl* 

..^.^t.ci 

.y^Jer  Mupl* 

.^TlraUn 

•-■^-««tM« 

.-l''— •lUadH 

-V.Jcr  lotUae* 

uUnlf 

----ne»f* 

C:3-«Uuicn 

J—.iWti.' 

._;f.«p.elU-lT 

■  Tj.  -nciMlU 

..jL^iUaaif* 

_  A  .  f  or»ir* 

.} I«{>lr« 

f> 

-'?--«lUr.t 

_  -2  Jro* 

._  ).^tU»Uih-.* 

— --.ihiHticn 

-  •'--•ilr4oriiL«ry 

.  -^.full-7 

.>3^iUkll«tarat 

-P~«»l»i 

•itrtM 

.r^..g.lb.r 

.->|.«UtU4 

_  ^.  .g«n«n]-ly 

-  <r_  -txiiUM* 

.C\.tn*nliiJ 

-  ^-««rf 

-  'C.«p«et-»4 

I. 
.  -  _  -  •itrult; 

.Cy..fm»nlU* 

.^.-miiOM 

.  0-  .npccUtlea 

.S.-n* 

-  i-  .g»ntl»-j 

^  *taala»-ttin 

.^«pta*it»r. 
.aC.*ir«a«* 

WORDSIGNS    AND   CONTRACTIONS 


161 


Ji»«-» 

Go* 

-  J.  ^oicrB-«d<a«fii 

■ ted  Ml 

i 

J:*&dvritiBg 

hud 

-  -■..  k*rd»at 


->. 

->» 

it 

.L. 

-!:•> 

It  tot 

-) 

-tei 

t^^ 

i 

.U«a 

c/ 

J... 

t*tm 

.  J. 

.k>T«    b>d 

.J. 

.Utt  tt 

-J. 

.Ul« 

tax 

-i 

tM 

tte 

-  -b*  did  got 

.  -h«  bad  not 
I 

..  ^.^*  don't 
_  -^-  .b*  .111 

-><■  -ktwd 
-•^-  -told 

-  /-  -bificaXortA 

•     ■  -b«ac«for«4rd 

b«r* 

-  ^-  -b*rti/t«r 
^I-'— b«p«toXor« 

b«r«witb 

-'_  .kitk 

-"^Tlhiehij 

-  '-.bi» 

.  6—hit.flt 
.-1  Jili 

.><:.boi4 
-/.  Ms* 

._/-  .bor»d 

I 
._/ beptful-ly 

./2\  .boi[iUbl»-l7 


bofpittl 

_.  .hotpitililj 

bou«ts 

6 

.  -  -bov 
.  -J~  ho«**«r 

■  "-•  ■hur.dwd 
-  <^-biubud 

■  ^^  .butb4ndB«a 
•  ^^-bmbwidry 
^^-b»»3«id  Kod  "if* 
.r.  I 

1  bad  not 

-"-  J  b«»« 

j^T-i  .ill 

.-.Idaho 

.i_:^d.Iltic«l-lj 

-jl  .idastif  iutioa 
-/J-idaslifj 
.--it  it 
T?t!»«Urial 
iaMditte 

ivMdituir 

Ii{>4rtlal-l7 


-ia;«rtlali(j 

iaparta&c* 

.-  .-la^rt&ai 

.  -iaraaaibla 


Lipr«T«»«at 

is  Ul 

Uo  ardtr-t* 

-  -/.  Jd  r«ftrtnc* 

is  r*c«.rd 

.  -- Ja  rtpiy 

in  ariliLc 

■y«.iBco««iiarabla-lj 

T 

. .  [.  UMoaaidaratt 
X/.iB  cooaidaratios 

. .  -  ^4ficooaiaiacc7 

incanaiatact 

indiaerisioalc 

ladiacriaiuUlj 

IndtacriaiuliM 


162 


WORDSIGNS    AND    COXTRACTIONS 


.  -ytilldl.p.B..bl.-lj 

.  -T.  -interest 

^  - T.  -knowledge 

smaller 

-.*?.illd»tjdu.l-ly 

.  S~f—   interested 

•-  languaje 

v«5terial-ly 

.r^(-iiidi»idvi.iii/ 

/  icTentory-ied 

-/--large 

tateriality 

lr.f  lu«r.ce 

-  -^  icTestigate-ed 

-^-larger 

.^  nay  b. 

influenced 

--^-inTestigatioa 

-'^- learn- «d 

.^-^  Dsy  have  been 

influenti.l 

c?        investigator 

O-  -left 

."^^neanehile 

infora 

in  wiling 

.3-  length 

.C^.oeasure 

.  .r?llnfor..ti(m 

.  A_  .Io»a 

.  rAi  lengthen 

.C/.iea.-ured 

_  _^  inf or.ed 

.-°  _is 

.>r<)  lengthened 

.C^netsureBenl 

inquire-7 

.--'_isit 

-^-^long 

-  /-  -fflenber 

.-.-inquired 

.-__is  it  not 

longhand 

_^0_aention 

.  _T_  _iQitruet-ed 

.  _j-  Ji  thr 

. Lord ,   lord 

_  /0.,Bentioned 

-  ^Lf_inetructioD 

.J-.it 

-^"^J-ouiaiana 

.  r?-Berchar.t 

~\~  inilruclor 
.^_lnilitute-d 

-I -it  has 
._L.lt  is 

Mchlne 

uachinery 

.  IT^  merchandise 
,  r^-^erchantaan 

-:r^in.titulion 

.-Lata 

.  jrr-Mcbinist 

.-f.  jeasage 

c7 

.  -  .  -Insofficienl 

.-^-  4tself 

-^nanufacture 

-  t<:^.Bes8enger 

2^ 
iosufticiiney 

.  .  P-  -it  »iU 

.    ^a*nufacture>l 

-jrf-Kessrs 

-J 

intuff  iclenllx 

-/C  _  -January 

^-■anufacturer 

.-"^-Bight-y 

-^.-inUUigenc* 

.€--  -Juatiee  court 

-     ^manufactory 

.  -'^fTBlghlily 

-  JT.inUUigent 

_j^- -jurisdiction 

C>— nark 

Klchigsn 

._~5-intemgentl7 

_^_  jurisdictional 

C^  larked 

'-0 
Kisses 

..T..inUnigi\>U 

-  C'-  -Jurisprudence 

aarket-ed 

C-^- 

.'_I--Bistake 
--J-  Blatakan 

-/"-iBUUigibilUj 

kingdoa 

.CV.Haryland 

.-x^-inUnd-ed 

.^--\  -kB«» 

./r.Uasaachusetts 

_1C  -Bonth 

WORDSIGNS    AND   CONTRACTIONS 


163 


-C^--m»r* 

_^-^--L«ll 

-/.  objtctoil 

1 

or  if                        I 

-^  nnuDt 

.  .'r/.  Jiobodf 

.  -*_objoclloii 

or  of 

Kr 

BO  otiior 

-6/.obj.cti». 

-^.orotor 

,-_,  .  Aowhoro 

.^.  JO    «/ 

of 

-^'-ofit 
y--ot   Ihr 

— ordir!/ 

C-' 

.  - .  ,  -North  Ctrolino 

-J.  ji'.Ua 

.    -  -OrdiDtTf 

rH-    North  D»kot« 

.-l-Cti 

ordinarily 

.^^  ^ibriil* 

nnrthoi*! 

.<_   0.  K. 

. opg»a 

n«(laet-«d 
n(Ucttul 

^oflgligsac* 

CDtgligeot 

"i^.oorthoisler 
.  _J_j»orttotslerl/ 
.  --|  Qorthooatora 
Dortrtorn 

c 

-C-^-on-.y 

-  -  -    orgftoie 

-  -.  -orginit* 

T 

. org*«ii«r 

orj«ni« 

•— -^ntgoliit* 

-T'-norlh»»i» 

..^.oc-ari 

..-orgonlit 

^'T  oegolUtJl 

-  tr.northaosl.r 

.^cm.-a 

..'?lorigio.l-lj 

V— ^n»goll»tloa 

-*~-Borlb««!larly 

rvj-origlMlitj 

.^.n.r.r 

-V^oorlbMslorn 

/.    .op«r»tor 

.  Q . .otbtr 

"irr  -otTcrtb*I*99 

-  -\  nothing 

.  7.   ofportunily 

.'.-ought 

■ ,     M* 

•BtWi  .^_, 

rt^  -ootvitastuding 

_  6_oppo« 

-  _|-  .outfit 

->r|j,.  Rup.bira 

-~^;;o7Mt.«r 

_/ — opposed 

_  |_  output 

-  r^  Jlt»  Jsriey 

.—f.  -OOW 

_  « -opposition 

^„.r 

ll»  Uilo 

-/-- «uj.btr 

-  «. oppress 

..-otortokt-took 

Haw  T»ar 

-  ^-nmbtro* 

-  /-  ^jpproisod 
_6'_opfrojiiott 

.  !..••• 

.x_^  DM  Tork 

-  l.-O 

_«|-OMl 

w^  Urn  Tork  Clt/ 

-^-objocl 

I 

._^-own 

164 


WOKDSIGNS   AND  CONTRACTIONS 


WOBOSICXS   ASD  COJTTRACTIOJfS 


165 


166 


WORDSIGNS   AND   CONTRACTIONS 


._/?.  jubj«cled 

.(|..th«nkful-ly 

.  _/ thousand 

Ji^.  .transgressed 

-C^  -subjection 

.-(.  .thankfulness 

_  (1  .thousandth 

tf-5  .transgression 

-C^  _BUbj«ctiT« 

iufficient 

../.  .Ihanklessnesa 
.  .*-  -that 

_<..thus 

-  r_  -till 

..(/..twelfth 
..C..t.el„ 

._  .sufficiently 
.  __ -sufficiency 

./.  -that  thr 
..'..the 

-  /-  -to 
_/-  -to  be 

.  .  /-  .two 
-t- .unconsidered 

-  (f.  -super  inter.d 

.-^.  .the  first 

-  <^.  .to  have 

-  W'-under 

■  -  ^.  .superintended 

.(-.the  other 

-/..to  have  been 

„t^.. undertake 

-  -  t/_  -supepintendent 

..(.  the« 

-  r.  .told 

-s-j-  jindertaken 

_  *^_superintendency 

..(j.themselves 

-  .  /-too 

_»-j -Undertook 

.  -  -<  jupporl 

-^.-thereafter 

to  thp 

_  .r;i'_ur.derstand 

.-^ -suppress 

.  _C_therefore 

..^-to  gather 

_*;^  under  standing 

_?_  .suppressed 

_().. thereof 

— -together 

..>f— understood 

-^_..„»,a«a 

S^.  .thereto 

/--^.^tocorrow 

2r-\    unexampled 

..L.... 

.-C-thoretofore 

_1.. to  ward 

.  ./T.uneipectad 

. surprised 

_C.-they  are 

-T-  -tranaact-ed 
-T-,  Iransactioo 

/J^ -unexplored 

"teken  up. -/J.  -  _ 

._<..they  had 

S.P-.nnlted  States 

Jo__te;lMer.t 

they  .oulJ 

^7-  -transcribe 

-^-unles. 

jv^  .testamentary 

_«_  -they  have 

.?^ -transcription 

.  .'.  -until 

...i  .testify 

._C  -they  .ill 

.  -d_transfer-»d 

.  -f/.upoa 

..-^.testified 

.^t'-thing 

_d-  .transference 

. A.  -upward 

.  i~N  .testinony 

_(- -think 

j- -transform 

-)-"• 

j-^^^  testiiaoniel 

-t-.thii 

_^__trBnsforaed 

--)-""  '— ' 

,.b..Tei«s 

.4__thos. 

.i^.transfor„er 

.-y...t.i 

.  _/ th«nk-ed 

--/--though 

.3-e_lransgress 

.--)_usefulne«a 

WORDSIGNS    AND   CONTRACTIONS 


167 


.-)..U5.  (..rb) 

^ 

-  *-   irbo  bav» 

. Wyoain^ 

afed 

> 

/---.hM 

jeer 

.->].. Otih 

.r.».m 

-^  ..hoL-ly 

. yosre 

..1.  j«lidil/ 

_£'_••   will    ool 
_  C  _  >»ra 

width 

.■^^»i,  iir 

-/^_..lHly 

.i^.  ...re  not 

.  /T-.m 

.--j.  .y.3lerd»f 
-  ^-yet 

.>..!.. 

.^--Mslirly 

^_..oo... 

; .ilu.d 

^-f  'itai  Vlrgini« 

_'  _»ith 

( 

A  _»ithil 

f 

.-._-Ub  .11 

._n_jo» 
-  r...your 

-  -^^eg»t«bl« 

. .h«t 

.  _/o_yoar« 

_  L  _.b«l»»er 

A  ..ilbin 

.  ifCjoartelf 

r 

rtm 

_(  _«itbocl 
.  _J_.ilh«UQd 

_  /rfT^-youTielfe* 

c 

with  whit 

._/>i«  tr.MdtDt 

.  ^>'-«b«M»er 

„  _t_.iUiilood 

C     we  were, 
.---we  would 

_  X  .TirU. 

-  /^^  _»here 

.L^   .ivr». 

were  we, 
.-C.«re  with 

-J  -  -«hcrcv*r 

.L«»  witD««a«d 

5     whet  we,  what 
, were,  what  would 

-  Pr.tirluouilj 

-  ^  -.bieh 

./"--.ord 

.  _  3.  Jiould  we 

-f-  -»hieh  «• 

^  _.ork 

O    «ilh  yon, 
with  your 

.>'.irlu»l-ly 

.  ^_.hich«T«r 

C  _  _.ork«d 

were  you,  were 
.-O.-your,  were  yet 

. . /.  _f oluol««r 

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_v:_.orld 

/^      what  you, 
. what  your 

-  c^-'ol""""-/ 

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._C -worth 

would  you, 
_-'7.  .would  your 

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_^_>*ich  «ill 

.  _  >.  -would 

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-  -O.-you  would 

.^■^..sblneUn.^f. 

< 

^-  vbo*T«r 

_  y>L  _»peiicb«d 
. writer 

«  Sier-Borked  words 
asd  phraiei  are  fully 
considered  eliewhere, 
in  connectioo  wilbUn 
forego Inc  !>•*• 

APPENDIX 

This  Appendix,  and  the  Index  following,  should  be 
delivered  to  the  student  with  the  List  of  Wordsigns  and 
Contractions,  in  connection  with  Lesson  XIL 

During  the  preparation  of  this  Manual  and  Key,  and 
for  many  years  prior  thereto,  the  author  was  actively 
engaged  in  court  reporting,  as  an  official  reporter ;  and, 
in  such  work,  was  accustomed  to  use  expedients  and  short 
cuts  not  deemed  suitable  for  presentation  in  a  textbook, 
because  of  their  in  frequency  in  practice.  If  there  should 
be  found,  in  this  work,  two  ways  to  write  a  word  or 
phrase,  such  variance  will  be  called  to  the  student's  atten- 
tion, in  this  Appendix,  with  brief  reasons  for  choosing  one, 
invariably,  rather  than  the  other.  Thus  the  proper  outline 
will  be  fixed  in  the  mind  of  the  student. 

P.  25,  Par.  63b. — may  he  should  be  denoted  by  the  word- 
sign  found  on  p.  23.  The  outlines  found  in  the  partial 
lists,  and  in  the  complete  list  of  Wordsigns  and  Contrac- 
tions, are  the  outlines  the  student  should  use,  in  the  posi- 
tions there  indicated. 

P.  27,  67  Key,  line  2. — J^icksbu(r)g:  r  is  omitted,  in  ac- 
cordance with  rule  afterwards  presented. 

P.  27,  69  Key. — Ed:  An  initial  tick,  written  to  d,  simply 
indicates  that  a  vowel  precedes  the  d,  under  rule  after- 
wards stated. 

P.  29,  75  Key,  line  5. — Company:  initial  dot  denotes  the 
prefix  com. 

P.  51,  131  Key,  line  3.—Higley:  the  /i-tick  is  best  written 
upward,  to  k,  g,  n,  ng,  in  writing  a  proper  name. 

P.  61,  line  11. — Pticumo(n)ia:  last  n  omitted,  under  rule 
afterwards  given,  because  otherwise  the  outline  would  be 
long  and  difficult ;  and  this  shortened  outline  is  sufficiently 
suggestive. 

P.  69,  172  Key,  line  10. — advice:  should  be  in  third  posi- 
tion.    See  Par.  165. 

P.  77,  193  Key,  line  7. —  Various  (and)  sundry:  a  phrase, 
from  which  and  is  omitted  under  rule  later  given. 

P.  77,  193  Key,  line  8. — ur  can:  this  hook,  to  represent 
we,  is  Graham-Pitman.  In  the  First  Edition  of  the  Manual, 
this  tt'-hook  was  taught,  but  omitted  in  this  Second  Edition, 
and  the  student  is  referred  to  pp.  56-58,  Paragraphs  147, 
147b. 

P.  85,  212  Key,  line  6.— repute:  should  end  with  Yuh. 
169 


170  APPENDIX 

P.  85,  212  Key,  line  7. — make-arrangements.  This  is  a 
Pitmanic  phrase,  but  the  student  is  advised  to  write  make 
in  full  outline. 

P.  87,  215  Key,  line  2. — Harrison:  written  in  second 
position,  for  reason  given  hereafter  in  connection  with 
222  Key. 

P.  89,  219  Key,  line  2. — error:  this  should  be  written 
Poid-r-r.  See  p.  75,  189  Key,  line  6 — an  error.  Two  con- 
siderations should  guide,  in  the  choice  of  the  best  outline 
for  a  word:  (1).  Legibility;  and  (2).  Facility — having  in 
mind  the  primary  word  and  its  derivatives. 

P.  91,  222  Key,  line  1. — Peterson,  Harrison  &  Patterson: 
Harrison  is  written  in  second  position,  to  avoid  danger  of 
conflict  with  Patterson. 

P.  95,  228  Key,  line  6. — by  their  ozvn:  should  use  two 
disjoined  characters — Beethr  and  En.  The  author  uses 
the  form  shown  in  228  Key,  following  a  rule  of  Graham- 
Pitman,  but  that  rule  is  not  incorporated  in  this  Edition, 
because  of  its  little  comparative  value. 

P.  99,  240  Key,  line  1. — Railway  Company:  r  should  have 
the  small  hook;  yet,- if  one  should  write  Rcler,  expecting 
to  write  the  word  railroad,  and  finds  the  word  to  be  rail- 
way, then  the  error,  writing  rlrw,  instead  of  rlw,  would  not 
be  serious. 

P.  Ill,  276  Key,  line  2. — furnished  the.  Frn  is  the 
author's  wordsign  for  fiirnish-ed ;  and,  though  the  outline 
is  not  in  the  List,  the  student  would  do  well  to  learn 
and  use  it,  now  that  special  attention  has  been  called  to  it. 

P.  115,  286b.,  (6),  line  1. — regular.  Ar-Gay  is  the  Graham- 
Pitman  outline,  but  has  no  advantage  over  the  full  outline 
Ar-Gler,  and  the  latter  outline  should  be  used.  See  p.  103, 
256b,  line  2. — regular,  regularity. 

Whether  the  above  designated  variances  were  of  the 
author's  deliberate  design,  or  otherwise,  the  special  atten- 
tion here  directed  to  them  would  greatly  aid  the  student  in 
the  mastery  of  true  outlines. 

*Star-marked  words  in  the  List  may  be  considered  now. 

*Attain,  attainment,  p.  157:  placed  near  atone,  atoneme)it, 
to  aid  memory  to  distinguish  between  the  words  in  second 
and  third  positions. 

*By  what,  p.  158:  simply  a  useful  phrase  sign. 

*For  the  purpose,  p.  164 :  a  useful  phrase. 


INDEX 

Page  numhers,  on  LESSON  lines,  indicate  last  page  of 
Manual  and  Key,  respectively,  to  be  delivered  as  necessary 
for  the  study  of  the  designated  lesson. 

Paragraph 
Numbers. 

LESSON  1:  pp.  9  and  117. 

1-  22    Key. 

1-    7     General  Instructions. 

8-  16     Matters  for  Future  Reference. 

17  Arrangement  of  pages. 

18  Second  Position  Vowels. 

20    L,  r,  sh,  upward  to  the  right. 

22  Eight  Wordsigns. 

LESSON  II:  pp.  11  and  119. 

23  \V,  ch,  j,  p,  b,  f,  V,  downward,  right-slant. 

24  Shadmg. 

25  Four  Wordsigns. 

LESSON  III :  pp.  12  and  119. 

26  Light  Strokes,   Right-slant,  Distinguished. 

27  Joining  Consonant  Strokes. 

28  Second  Position  Vowel  Between  Strokes. 

29  Joining  Straight  Strokes  without  Angle. 

LESSON  IV :  pp.  14  and  120. 

30  Position  of  Strokes. 

31  First  Position  Vowels. 

32  First  Position  Strokes. 

33  First  Position  Vowel  Between  Strokes. 

34  Ten  Wordsigns. 

35  First  Position  Brief  Wordsigns. 

LESSON  V:  pp.  16  and  121. 
36-  41     Circles  and  Loops. 

37  Small  Circle,  Iss. 

38  Small  Circle  joined  to  Curve. 

171 


172  INDEX 

39  Small  Circle  between  Strokes. 

40  Reading  Circles  and  Loops. 

41  Unaccented  Vowels  omitted. 

LESSON  VI:  pp.  18  and  122. 

42-  46  Circles  and  Loops,  continued. 

42  Large  Circle,  Ses. 

43  Small  Loop,  Steh. 

44  Loops  between  Strokes. 

45  Large  Loop,  Star. 

46  Iss  added  to  Ses,  Steh,  Star. 

LESSON  VII :  pp.  21  and  122. 

47  Th,  dh,  t,  d,  s,  z,  vertical. 

48  Third  Position  Vowels. 

49  Third  Position  Strokes  and  Briefs. 

50  Forty-six  Wordsigns. 

LESSON  VIII:  pp.  25  and  123. 

51  K,  g,  m,  n,  mb-mp,  ng,  horizontal. 

52  Order  of  Vowels  to  Horizontal  Strokes. 
53-  55  Positions  of  Horizontal  Strokes. 

53  First  Position. 

54  Second  Position. 

55  Third  Position. 

56  Fourteen  Wordsigns. 

57  Diphthongs. 

58  Seven  Wordsigns. 

59  Diphthongs  Joined  to  Strokes. 

LESSON  IX :  pp.  27  and  123. 

60  Rules  set  in  Order. 
61-  67     Positions  of  Words. 

LESSON  X :  pp.  27  and  123. 
68-  70     Sign-names  and  Position-numbers. 

LESSON  XI :  pp.  31  and  123. 
71-77    Vowels  Between  Strokes. 
78-  79    Order  of  Reading  Vowels. 


173 


LESSON  XII :  pp.  34  and  125. 

80-  84    Joining  Consonant  Strokes. 
85     Contractions. 

LESSON  XIII:  pp.  36  and  125. 
86-  93    Ticks  Joined  to  Strokes  or  Briefs. 

LESSON  XIV:  pp.  39  and  126. 
93-  99    Phrase  Writing. 

LESSON  XV :  pp.  41  and  127. 
100-105     Circles  Added. 

LESSON  XVI :  pp.  43  and  128. 
106-111     Prefixes  and  Suffixes. 

LESSON  XVII :  pp.  46  and  128. 
112-113     Omission  of  Of. 
114-115     Punctuation. 

LESSON  XVIII :  pp.  47  and  129. 

116  Initials  and  Proper  Names. 

117  Ticks  Joined  to  Ticks. 

LESSON  XIX :  pp.  50  and  130. 
118-126    Uses  of  S  and  Z  Strokes  and  Briefs. 

LESSON  XX :  pp.  51  and  130. 
127-131     Different  Modes  of  Expressing  H. 

LESSON  XXI :  pp.  54  and  131. 
132-140    Different  Modes  of  Expressing  W  and  Y. 

LESSON  XXII :  pp.  56  and  131. 
141-143    Brief  W  and  Y. 

144  Fourteen  Wordsigns. 

LESSON  XXIII :  pp.  58  and  132. 

145  The  Way  Hook. 


174  INDEX 

146  Small  Circle  to  Brief  \V  or  W-hook. 

147  W  in  Word  and  Phrase  Outlines. 

LESSON  XXIV :  pp.  61  and  132. 
148-153     Brief  W  and  Y  in  Vowel  Place. 

LESSON  XXV:  pp.  63  and  134. 
154-158     Hooks  for  F,  V,  N. 

LESSON  XXVI :  pp.  66  and  134. 
159-164     Hooks  for  F,  V,  N — Circles  and  Loops,  etc, 

165  An  Important  Rule  of  Position. 

166  Names  of  F,  V,  N  Groups. 

LESSON  XXVII :  pp.  69  and  135. 
167-172     Shon  and  Tiv  Hooks. 

173'    Wordsign  and  Contraction  Lists  Postponed, 

LESSON  XXVIII :  pp.  73  and  137. 
174-179    L  and  R  Hooks. 

LESSON  XXIX :  pp.  74  and  138. 
180-185    Vocalization  of  L  and  R  Hook  Signs. 

LESSON  XXX :  pp.  76  and  138. 
186     Iss  Prefixed  to  L  Hook  Sign. 
187-190    Circles  Prefixed  to  R  Hook  Sign. 

LESSON  XXXI :  pp.  11  and  139. 
191-194    Ler  and  Rel  Hooks. 

LESSON  XXXII :  pp.  81  and  140. 
195-202    Lengthening  Strokes. 

LESSON  XXXIII :  pp.  83  and  142. 
203-206    Halving  to  add  T  or  D. 

LESSON  XXXIV :  pp.  85  and  142. 
207-213     Halving  to  add  T  or  D — continued. 


INDEX  175 

LESSON  XXXV :  pp.  87  and  143. 
214-215     Vowel  Ticks  Joined. 

LESSON  XXXVI:  pp.  89  and  144. 
216-217     R  Preceding  M. 
218-219     St  and  Str  Between  Strokes. 

LESSON  XXXVII :  pp.  91  and  146. 
220-222     Omission  or  Brief  Indication  of  Words. 

LESSON  XXXVIII :  pp.  93  and  147, 
223-225     Omission  of  Consonants. 

LESSON  XXXIX :  pp.  95  and  148. 
226    Omission  of  Vowels. 
227-228     Special  Contractions. 

LESSON  XL :  pp.  97  and  149. 
229    H-  or  \'owel-tick  before  Sp  or  Zb. 
230-231     Disjoined  Parts  of  Words. 

LESSON  XLI :  pp.  99  and  149. 
232-240    Prefixes. 

LESSON  XLII :  pp.  101  and  150. 
241-248    Prefixes — continued. 

249     Com    and    Con    Consonants    fully    Written — See 
Appendix. 

LESSON  XLIII :  pp.  103  and  151. 
250-258    SuCixcs. 

LESSON  XLIV:  pp.  108  and  151. 
259-268    Tick-lcngtli  Consonants. 

_  LESSON  XLV:  pp.  Ill  and  152. 
269-277    Tick-length  Consonants — continued. 


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